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随时随地学习
随时随地学习
1、We had hardly got to the station __________it began no rain.
A. until B. since
C. while D. when
2、The book was written in 1946, ____ the education system has witnessed great changes.
A.when B.during which C.since then D.since when
3、Mary is applying _______ the manager ______ a job as a secretary.
A．to, to
B．to, for
C．for, to
D．for, for
4、The Brazilian novel, The Alchemist is said ________ into over twelve languages by the end of last year.
A. to be translated
B. being translated
C. to have been translated
D. having been translated
5、 When Lily worked as a nurse in the hospital, she experienced a joy in helping people ________ trouble.
A. on B. in C. at D. of
6、Fitness is important in sport, but of at least ______ importance are skills.
A. fair B. equal
C. reasonable D. proper
7、If you stand here, you will get _______ of the river.
A.sight B.view C.scene D.scenery
8、The program is 90 minutes of_____ Indian folk dance, live music and storytelling.
A．diplomatic
B．heroic
C．dynamic
D．specific
9、I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice ________ I picked up the phone.
A．while
B．after
C．in case
D．the moment
10、— Did you plan to meet here? — No, we met ________.
A. by mistake B. by accident
C. by the way D. with chance
11、Open the windows and _____ the room. Let’s breath fresh air.
A. air B. to clear
C. to air D. clearing
12、You can’t imagine such a well-behaved gentleman _______be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
13、One day we will manage to _____the world ______this terrible disease.
A. rid, from B. rid, of C. rid, out D. rid, in
14、It remains ______ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.
A．seen
B．to be seen
C．seeing
D．to see
15、—Let's go shopping this afternoon, ________?
—All right.
A．will we
B．shall we
C．don't we
D．are we
16、Mrs Mavis said the aliens took her away so that they could do research _______ her.
A. on B. for C. about D. with
17、William Tyndale wrote the Bible in English so all could read it.
A．adverbial
B．subject
C．predicate
D．attribute
18、His bike was broken and he wanted to have it ________.
A．repaired
B．to repair
C．to be repaired
D．repairing
19、_____ the rain stops, we' 11 set off for the station.
A. Before B. Unless
C. As soon as D. Though
20、Almost 100 computers _________to us by a local computer company since the end of last year.
A．have donated
B．are donated
C．have been donated
D．donate
21、Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they ________ away.
A．are thrown
B．have thrown
C．were thrown
D．thrown
22、We seldom leave home without an umbrella or some sort of _____ clothing “just in case” and take a great interest in weather forecasts.
A．damp
B．intense
C．raging
D．waterproof
23、According to the police, their conclusion about the case was based on the _______ from several prisoners, so it was reliable.
A．identity B. evidence C. forecast D. outline
24、The number of people who own a car ______ in the past 10 years.
A．increases
B．has increased
C．increased
D．have increased
25、Throughout my entire life, I’ve had my brother trying to beat me at everything I do. It has been a(n) ______ positive force.
A.enormously
B.formally
C.unfortunately
D.eventually
26、The cultivation of plants by ants is more widespread than previously realized, and has evolved on at least 15 separate occasions.
There are more than 200 species of ant in the Americas that farm fungi (真菌) for food, but this trait evolved just once sometime between 45 million and 65 million years ago. Biologists regard the cultivation of fungi by ants as true agriculture appearing earlier than human agriculture because it meets four criteria: the ants plant the fungus, care for it, harvest it and depend on it for food.
By contrast, while thousands of ant species are known to have a wide variety of interdependent relationships with plants, none were regarded as true agriculture. But in 2016, Guillaume Chomicki and Susanne Renner at the University of Munich, Germany, discovered that an ant in Fungi cultivates several plants in a way that meets the four criteria for true agriculture.
The ants collect the seeds of the plants and place them in cracks in the bark of trees. As the plants grow, they form hollow structures called domain that the ants nest in. The ants defecate (排便) at designated absorptive places in these domain, providing nutrients for the plant. In return, as well as shelter, the plant provides food in the form of fruit juice.
This discovery prompted Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships to see if there are other examples of plant cultivation that have been overlooked. “They have never really been looked at in the framework of agriculture,” says Chomicki, who is now at the University of Sheffield in the UK. “It’s definitely widespread.”
The team identified 37 examples of tree-living ants that cultivate plants that grow on trees, known as epiphytes (附生植物). By looking at the family trees of the ant species, the team was able to determine on how many occasions plant cultivation evolved and roughly when. Fifteen is a conservative estimate, says Campbell. All the systems evolved relatively recently, around 1million to 3 million years ago, she says.
Whether the 37 examples of plant cultivation identified by the team count as true agriculture depends on the definitions used. Not all of the species get food from the plants, but they do rely on them for shelter, which is crucial for ants living in trees, says Campbell. So the team thinks the definition of true agriculture should include shelter as well as food.
【1】According to biologists, why is ant-fungus cultivation considered as a form of true agriculture?
A．Because it occurred earlier than human agriculture.
B．Because it fulfills the standards typical of agricultural practices.
C．Because it redefines the four criteria for true human agriculture.
D．Because it is less common than previously thought.
【2】What motivated Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships?
A．They determined on new family trees of the ant species.
B．They overlooked some tree-living ants that provided nutrients for the plants.
C．They never studied the ant-plant relationships within the context of agriculture.
D．They never identified any an t species that engaged in cultivation of fungi.
【3】Which of the following statements is supported by the team's findings according to the passage?
A．Ants’ cultivation of plants is limited to a few specific species.
B．The cultivation of fungi by ants is considered the earliest form of agriculture.
C．True agriculture in ants involves only food-related interactions with plants.
D．Ants have independently cultivated plants on at least 15 distinct occasions.
【4】What is the passage mainly about?
A．The evolution of ants in the plant kingdom.
B．The widespread occurrence of ant-plant cultivation.
C．The discovery of a new ant species engaging in agriculture.
D．The contrast between ant agriculture and human agriculture.
27、Food festivals are common in the UK and take place in all sorts of places and at all sorts of times. Whatever your taste, there’s a food festival to match.
Meatopia
This three-day, London-based festival takes place at the end of August and is a meat lover’s paradise. In addition to a range of meat products, from juicy burgers to tender steaks, attendees can listen to live music, watch butchery demonstrations, and attend informal meat-based workshops.
The National Honey Show
If you have a sweet tooth, then it could be that the National Honey Show, which started in 1921 and is the largest event of its kind, is the place for you to be. This three-day event attracts many local entries that show their sweet golden honey, some of which is sold globally.
The Orange Sauce Festival
Held in Cambria, this sweet, fragrant festival has been running for 3 years. What attracts people most is a competition to find the best homemade orange sauce. There are thousands of participants from over 30 different countries across the globe, bringing their local snacks to share here.
The Ginger (姜) and Spice Festival
If you’d prefer something with a little more kick to it, then you could attend The Ginger (姜) and Spice Festival held in Market Drayton. Unlike other food festivals, it celebrates its town’s historic connection to Robert Clive, who returned from India with ginger. Because of this, they specialize in baking gingerbread, but also sell a range of traditional spices from mild to hot.
【1】What’s the common point between Meatopia and the National Honey Show?
A．Both of them originated from London.
B．Both of them last for three days.
C．Both of them hold workshops.
D．Both of them have a long history.
【2】If you want to taste different foreign food, which festival is your first option?
A．The Meatopia
B．The National Honey Show
C．The Orange Sauce Festival
D．The Ginger and Spice Festival
【3】What makes the Ginger and Spice Festival different from the others?
A．It only sells spicy food.
B．The food is cooked by Robert Clive.
C．The ginger used in the festival is from India.
D．It is concerned with a historic figure.
28、A Swedish power plant is taking reuse and recycle to the next level by burning unusable clothing instead of coal, Bloomberg reports.
Retail giant Hennes & Mauritz, more commonly known as H & M, is helping the utility transition away from coal through its moldy or otherwise unsalable clothing.
The multi-fuel power and heating station in Vasteras, central Sweden, is planning to be completely fossil-fuel free by 2030. It’s the largest station of its kind and Sweden claims it's one of Europe's cleanest. To kick its coal habit, the station is turning to other burnable materials including recycled wood, rubbish and yes, clothes.
“Our goal is to use only renewable and recycled fuels,” Jens Neren, head of fuel supplies at the utility company which owns and operates the Vasteras plant, told Bloomberg.
Johanna Dahl, head of communications for H & M in Sweden, told Bloomberg that the company allows only the burning of clothes which are no longer safe to use.
“It is our legal obligation to make sure that clothes that contain mold or do not meet the requirements of our strict restriction on chemicals are destroyed," she said.
The Vasteras plant has burned around 15 tons of old H &M clothes so far this year, compared with about 400,000 tons of rubbish, Neren told Bloomberg.
Sweden has one of the world’s greenest energy generating systems, and has invested in bioenergy, solar power and electric buses. In 2020, the Scandinavian country announced an ambitious aim to become one of the first nations in the world to end its dependence on fossil fuels. According to the Swedish government, the country has already heavily reduced its dependence on oil, which accounted for 75% of the energy supply in 1970, and now makes up a 20% share.
【1】Which of the following can serve as fuel in the Vasteras plant？
A．Fashionable boots in chain store.
B．Old TV sets deserted as rubbish.
C．Wooden furniture in second-hand shop.
D．H & M clothes unsuitable for sale.
【2】Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the power station in Vasteras?
A．It uses multiple fuels and generates heat.
B．It is larger than any other station of its kind.
C．It only burns recycled wood and rubbish.
D．It will use no more fossil fuels after 2030.
【3】We can learn from the passage that________.
A．the Swedish government discourages the development of bioenergy.
B．clothes only take up a small proportion of the burning material.
C．Sweden’s fossil-fuel free plan is almost accomplished by now.
D．Sweden has an ambition to be the cleanest country in the world.
【4】What is the main idea of the passage？
A．A Swedish power plant is burning unusable H & M clothes for fuel.
B．The Swedish government aims high and is taking effective action.
C．H & M is looking for a new way to strengthen its position in fashion.
D．Coal and oil are no longer regarded as the primary fuels in Sweden.
29、A seven-word sentence was discovered on a 3,700-year-old comb (梳子),which is likely the oldest known sentence written in letters,according to a new study. The sentence is in Canaanite (迦南语),which is the source (来源) of later letter systems in European languages.
The comb was first discovered in 2016 in Israeli. However,it wasn’t until 2021 that a researcher from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem first noticed the words when checking the photo of the comb. The researchers were not able to directly date the comb. They believed it dated from around 1700 BC based on comparison of the letters with those on pottery (陶器) with a known age.
Garfinkel,a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem,said,“The Canaanites invented the letters. Nowadays every person in the world can read and write using the letter system. This is really one of the most important achievements of humankind. When you are writing in English,you’re really using Canaanite.”
Small groups of Canaanite letters discovered on broken pieces of pottery before did not leave much room for further research on the lives of the Canaanites. But this find of a sentence written in the first letter-based language opens up the debate about the history during the ancient time period.
Garfinkel said,“The sentence was found on an ivory comb in the ancient city’s palace and temple area,which could suggest that only wealthy men were able to read and write.” The earliest writing system started around 5,000 years ago,which relied on hundreds of pictographs (象形文字) to represent words,ideas and sounds. Canaanites were the first to use letters in their writing system. “It shows that even in the most ancient times there were full sentences,which further suggests that Canaanites stood out among the early civilizations in their use of the written word.”
【1】What do we know about Canaanite?
A．It has a history of 3,700 years.
B．It is the oldest known language.
C．Its sentences are in many languages.
D．Its letters are still in use at present.
【2】How was the complete sentence in Canaanite found?
A．It was discovered on some pottery.
B．It was identified on a comb in 2016.
C．It was recognized when dating the comb.
D．It was recognized on a photo of the comb.
【3】What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on?
A．The influence of Canaanite letters.
B．The rules of using Canaanite letters.
C．The problem in identifying the Canaanite sentence.
D．The explanation of the discovered Canaanite sentence.
【4】What does Garfinkel think of the new discovery in the last paragraph?
A．Useless.
B．Meaningful.
C．Confusing.
D．Unacceptable.
30、 On a hilltop in southeast Brazil, 4,500 feet above the surrounding landscape, is a coffee plantation with a history of more than 150 years—five generations. The owner is Ellen Fontana, a woman _________to both her land and her family. A respect _________nature contributes to her business; she employs sustainable (可持续的) practices to _________ water, avoid pesticides and _________greenhouse gas emissions. Her devotion and attention helped her _________award-winning specialty coffee and a successful coffee business, which she hopes will _________through future generations.
But in the past few years, her vision of the future has been _________. The planet is changing _________ and whether coffee production will continue in her area in 20 or 50 years is naturally a_________.
“I heard from my grandparents that it used to rain a lot in January, and the dry and rainy seasons were more clearly__________,” Fontana says. “But now, for a few years, we have noticed__________ rainfall, high temperature and hail (冰雹).”
In 2014, Fontana’s home experienced its worst__________ in nearly a century, leading to a rare water crisis. And February 2020 was the rainiest month in the region’s__________ history, resulting in floods.
__________ Fontana has earned more than many, thanks to her hilltop location and a significant area of natural forest that she and her family have__________ on their land.
She says, “We are in a region with a lot of preserved forest, and we have a lot of coffee. This climate__________ a lot in the balance of crops. I think that living in a balance between coffee production and the environment that we live in provides a__________ not only for our family but for all the other people who will__________ these resources. I think this__________ is good for the business, good for the__________ and good for our soul.”
A．related
B．addicted
C．devoted
D．used
A．to
B．for
C．about
D．in
A．make the best of
B．run out of
C．keep track of
D．give way to
A．reserve
B．reject
C．reduce
D．replace
A．design
B．invent
C．harvest
D．create
A．stop
B．return
C．appear
D．continue
A．improved
B．shaken
C．recognized
D．cleared
A．frequently
B．rapidly
C．gradually
D．definitely
A．concern
B．factor
C．mission
D．principle
A．conducted
B．listed
C．pursued
D．defined
A．irregular
B．increasing
C．mild
D．average
A．drought
B．sandstorm
C．flood
D．earthquake
A．hidden
B．recorded
C．short
D．brief
A．Otherwise
B．Also
C．Thus
D．But
A．cut
B．covered
C．maintained
D．produced
A．fades
B．changes
C．punishes
D．helps
A．benefit
B．career
C．freedom
D．convenience
A．remove
B．enjoy
C．waste
D．observe
A．access
B．approach
C．balance
D．behavior
A．friends
B．climate
C．atmosphere
D．family
31、根据新概念英语，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good 【1】, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it 【2】. Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.【3】my surprise, he gave me the money immediately.
32、书面表达（共一题，满分25分）
假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李华。学生会将举办每年一度的英语演讲比赛，本年度的主题为“The English Novel I like Best”作为组织者，你将在演讲比赛开幕式时发言，请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇发言稿。
1. 说明比赛的意义，如提高英语听说能力，养成读书习惯
2. 说明比赛的注意事项，如每人演讲不超过5分钟，语言流利，发音准确
3. 预祝比赛圆满成功
注意：1.词数不少于100词
2.可适当加入细节，使行文连贯
3.发言稿的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入词数
Good afternoon, ladies and gentleman,
Welcome to this year’s English speech competition.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
Yours,
Li Hua
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