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随时随地学习
随时随地学习
1、After class, the teacher couldn’t leave, by the students.
A. surrounded B. to surround
C. was surrounded D. surrounding
2、Their modern style home seems oddly___________among the town's old farmhouses.
A.out of balance B.out of control C.out of style D.out of place
3、Shortly after the earthquake, many people hurried to the hospital to_______ their blood.
A. donate B. share C. exchange D. promote
4、You can choose not to forgive. ________ you can also choose to let it go.
A. Absolutely B. Consequently
C. Subsequently D. Alternatively
5、Whenever I feel lonely or upset, I always do some reading, which ______ me well.
A.serves B.equips C.prepares D.informs
6、The minister refused for reasons of _______ rather than religion to sign a new law legalizing abortion.
A. comprehension B. conscience C. consequence D. conservation
7、--I feel so upset. I’m afraid I’ll be fired for the terrible economic crisis.
--________!Things are not so bad as they seem.
A．Go ahead
B．Good luck
C．No problem
D．Cheer up
8、—Peter is always careless.
—Don't ________others; there is no perfect person.
A. keep pace with B. make sense of
C. find fault with D. take advantage of
9、We ______ him that he ought to make the bar more attractive with various methods. He finally sees the light.
A.told B.would tell C.have been telling D.had told
10、Though his plan was a total ______from established practices, the result was satisfying.
A.substitute B.prohibition C.departure D.judgment
11、No country in the world can ______ these problems alone, such as climate change, hunger and disease, etc. Therefore, all the countries should cooperate to get rid of them.
A.address B.cancel C.replace D.involve
12、I ______ to visit him in the hospital, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.
A.had gone B.might go C.must have gone D.would have gone
13、If the weather had been better, we ______ a picnic yesterday.
A. must have had B. would have
C. could have had D. will have
14、John thinks it won’t be long ______he is ready for his new job .
A．when
B．after
C．before
D．since
15、Peter had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour___________ all at once the solution flashed across his mind.
A.when B.while C.then D.as
16、I have so many clients who believe that cutting their hair helps it grow. Actually, for every few inches you’re cutting, you ______ months to the growing time.
A.have added B.will have added C.add D.are adding
17、It was the year before last that Scotland failed the attempt to _______ of the Great Britain, though the queen Elizabeth had said it was entirely up to the Scottish people.
A. look out B. run out C. keep out D. pull out
18、Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.
A.studied B.had studied
C.would study D.might have studied
19、We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems ______.
A.to be settled B.to settle C.settled D.having settled
20、Chinese telecoms giant Huawei will build a 200-million-euro factory in France________potential challenges and obstacles.
A.owing to B.regardless of C.apart from D.instead of
21、Over the years I have been fascinated to read about studies into the power of touch. One famous study examined video footage of how people responded to those near them who had been the victim of a crime. Observing their reaction and comparing their behaviors in non-human primates, researchers found that there are striking similarities between the ways that humans and primates such as chimpanzees comfort one another and demonstrate compassion and care.
But to me, it also speaks about the importance of closeness and intimacy. Another study found that holding hands to comfort a loved one can actually reduce their pain. It found that when people who are close to one another hold hands, their bodies synchronize (同步) their heart rate and breathing rate. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised, as we have known for many years about the importance of touch. It symbolizes safety and love which is one of the most important aspects for development as a child. Is it any wonder that, when we are upset, distressed and vulnerable as adults, we seek out the same thing?
The value of touch was demonstrated by a series of disturbing experiments on monkeys back in the 1950s by Harry Harlow, an American psychologist. His work showed the incrediable drive for warmth and intimacy that we have. In his experiments, he took young monkeys and placed them in different enclosures. When given a choice between a surrogate (替代) “mother” to cling to made of wire mesh that had a ready supply of milk or a warm, soft mother that didn’t provide any food, they chose, to everyone’s astonishment, the comfort over food. This flew in the face of what was expected. Yet this appeared to show that it was not food, but being comforted and intimate, that was the most important. The experiments showed for the first time how vital the feeling of being loved is to us.
【1】What can be learned from paragraph 1?
A．Humans have different behaviors from chimpanzees before violence.
B．Comparing behavior of humans and primates is necessary.
C．Comforting the victims of violence is important.
D．Humans and primates resemble in some way.
【2】Which example shows the importance of closeness and intimacy?
A．Giving an upset child candies can comfort him.
B．Observing a victim’s reaction releases his pain.
C．Touching a patient’s hands can make him less distressed.
D．Holding the same heart rate illustrates the close relationship.
【3】Why did the people feel surprised at the experiment results?
A．Because they found the monkeys were not hungry at all.
B．Because the monkeys could comfort the surrogate mother.
C．Because the soft mother didn’t provide any food for the monkeys.
D．Because they always assumed that food was most likely to be chosen.
【4】What can be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．The Power of Touch
B．How to Comfort a Loved One
C．Holding Hands Reduces Pain
D．Love and Safety is Essential
22、 For today’s increasingly interconnected food supply chains, “efficient” is what it’s supposed to be: Each country specializes in what it’s best, at and puts it on the global market. Producers and processors within countries specialize, too, as a way to minimize costs. As a result, at least in theory, prices stay low, the world gets fed and everyone wins.
However, the coronavirus crisis demonstrates what is wrong with this approach. When barriers prevent food from reaching its markets, or demand suddenly drops — both of which are happening now — the system falls apart.
Specialization of the food system makes it hard to shift into different markets when disruptions arise. Belgium, a leading exporter of potatoes, lost sales not only to local restaurants but also to other countries because of lockdowns（封锁）. At least the Belgians can try to eat the potatoes at home. That strategy won't work for every crop: Ghana, the world’s top cocoa exporter, lost markets when people stalled focusing on buying essential items instead of chocolate.
The loss in export income in Africa more generally could have a huge impact if the pandemic continues, as many countries there rely heavily on imported wheat and rice. The prices of these grains have soared not only because of rising demand for these grains during the crisis, but also because a few countries — including Russia and Vietnam — imposed export restrictions out of fear that sending food abroad would lead to higher prices at home.
Concentrated markets dominated by just a handful of companies heighten food system fragility. For example, just three meatpacking plants process over 95 percent of Canada’s beef and nearly all of its beef exports. Now, those meat processing plants have had to temporarily shut down because of outbreaks of COVID-19 among workers.
Seeing the spoiled products across the world should force all of us to rethink our “efficient” food supplies. We need to rejuvenate（使恢复活力）local and regional food systems to reduce the vulnerabilities that come with being too reliant on imported and corporate-dominated foods. This doesn’t mean cutting off all trade or abolishing all packaged foods, but it does mean building diversity, and increasing opportunities for small and medium-scale enterprises to flourish in shorter, more sustainable food supply chains that are closer to home.
One place to start is for governments to shift their support from the large-scale, specialized and export-oriented food system to building infrastructure for more diverse local food systems. Around the world, small-scale and organic producers have been overwhelmed with the surge in interest from customers who want to buy directly from farmers during the crisis. But these producers often lack the infrastructure to meet that demand. As governments around the world pass stimulus packages to address the crisis, building more diverse and localized food systems should be an obvious inclusion.
【1】In theory, specialization of the food system ________.
A．adapts to changes efficiently
B．balances supply and demand
C．focuses on essential items
D．reduces costs of production
【2】The underlined word “fragility” in Paragraph 5 means ________.
A．weakness
B．diversity
C．unfairness
D．complexity
【3】What can we learn from the passage?
A．A few countries restrict exports to stabilize local food prices.
B．Grain prices rise due to Africa’s dependence on importation.
C．Ghana might be less affected by lockdowns than Belgium was.
D．Packaged-food consumption should be encouraged to address the crisis.
【4】The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．expose food security issues during the crisis
B．advocate establishing diverse local food systems
C．discuss the development of a sustainable economy
D．prove the importance of sound government policies
23、Human responses to moral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports. The findings indicate that users may underestimate the extent to which their own moral judgments can be influenced by the chatbot.
Sebastian Krigel and colleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right to sacrifice (牺牲) the life of one person in order to save the lives of five others. They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场).
The authors then presented 767 U.S. participants, who were on average 39 years old, with a dilemma whether to sacrifice one person’s life to save five others. Before answering, participants read a statement provided by ChatGPT arguing either for or against sacrificing one life to save five. Statements were from either a moral advisor or ChatGPT. After answering, participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers.
Eighty percent of participants reported that their answers were not influenced by the statements they read. However, the authors found that the answers participants believed they would have provided without reading the statements were still more likely to agree with the moral stance of the statement they did read than with the opposite stance. This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT’s statements on their own moral judgments.
The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chabots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings.
【1】What are ChatGPT’s answers to a certain moral stance?
A．Inconsistent.
B．Valuable.
C．Creative.
D．Simple.
【2】What is learned about the participants?
A．They admitted the power of ChatGPT.
B．They were interviewed by a moral advisor.
C．They were affected by ChatGPT unknowingly.
D．They were presented with different moral dilemmas.
【3】What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Different findings of the study.
B．Future potentials for chatbots.
C．Major focuses of future education.
D．Solutions to the impact of chatbots.
【4】Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．ChatGPT Tends to Cause Moral Panics
B．ChatGPT: Is It Likely to Affect Our Life?
C．ChatGPT:Why Is It Making Us So Nervous?
D．ChatGPT Can Influence Human Moral Judgments
24、Today, with most of us owning a smartphone that lets us post on social media wherever and whenever we want, oversharing has become harder to avoid. But the tricky thing is that people usually don’t realize when they’ re oversharing. The problem can only be triggered by our friends and family. A survey showed that every two in three people in the US think their friends share too much on social media.
Oversharing can have negative impacts. For instance, it can put your personal information at risk. When you update your status, or simply recall an experience on social networking sites like WeChat, chances are that you are revealing critical personal information.
According to a survey by Visa Canada, 45% of people aged 18-34 “overshare” their financial information online. “Young people shared payment card information via e-mail, loaned out their cards, and didn’t keep their PIN confidential,” reported CBS. This behavior mirrors similar habits of sharing personal information on social media sites. They’re really not totally aware of who has access to this information and who else can be seeing this information and what could be done with it.
“Oversharing contributes to a larger culture in which such behavior is considered acceptable or even desirable,” said Seidman, associate professor at Albright College in the US. Elizabeth Bernstein, a US-based educator, said that “the great increase of overshare is partially because of the wild use of social media as a subconscious attempt to control anxiety. We actually use a lot of mental energy trying to manage the other person’s impression of us by oversharing.”
Moreover, oversharing online can damage effective communication in real life. “Having such easy access to so many people makes communication superficial,” said Chen, a psychologist at South China Normal University. “In the end, the lack of deep communication hurts strong social bonds, particularly friendships.”
【1】Why is oversharing hard to avoid?
A．Most people have the habit of oversharing on social media.
B．Close friends and family members are eager to know our updates.
C．Social media welcome oversharing to make profits.
D．Most people are unaware of the problem of oversharing.
【2】What does the author think of oversharing?
A．Acceptable.
B．Desirable.
C．Disturbing.
D．Dangerous.
【3】How did the author support his/her argument?
A．By sharing his/her personal experience.
B．By analyzing advantages and disadvantages.
C．By giving experts’ opinions and research findings.
D．By presenting some classic cases in history.
【4】What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A．Trying to avoid oversharing on social media.
B．Sharing personal information on social media.
C．Updating your status constantly on social media.
D．Communicating deeply on social media.
25、Sitting on the sofa in Xiao Jia’s apartment, I learned how difficult it was to apply makeup（化妆品）to a face you cannot see.
I visited Xiao on a winter day. She greeted me with a big smile and then _______ me her multi-layered makeup box. With the help of friends, she has _______ everything with special tape and braille (盲文).
As we sat next to each other, she touched my face to _______ its shape and suggested I get bangs (刘海). After _______ my cheeks, nose, and forehead, she found bottles of makeup that _______ well with my skin, and _______ patted them onto my face and neck. That finished, she went on to pencil my eyebrows, line my eyes..., slow but with amazing accuracy!
“Though many people don’t think it’s _______ for blind people to put on makeup, since it’s difficult and we wouldn’t even ‘see’ the _______, I consider the whole process a way for me to enjoy the moment,” Xiao told me.
Xiao studied painting for six years before being diagnosed with an eye disease, which left her without _______ after just two years. Xiao has never seen her own makeup. All her __________ comes from her teacher Ji Chunli’s feedback over the years. They met at a beauty event in 2015 after Xiao __________ a makeup tutorial video featuring a blind British girl, which gave her __________ to master the skill. Ji had no experience __________ the blind, but was touched by Xiao’s resolve. Every week for a year, Xiao took a one-hour bus ride to __________ classes at Ji’s beauty studio.
Finally Xiao chose from different shades of lipsticks to match my skin color, which I__________ to her. Considering the shape of my lips too, she __________ the “flame red” to my lips.
When she finished all, I was __________ anticipation(期待)and had my face nearly pressed against the mirror to see the result. I didn’t see much difference with the makeup I wore __________ I sat down, but that was probably the __________. In any case, it is the process that really __________.
【1】
A．showed
B．awarded
C．returned
D．threw
【2】
A．explained
B．decorated
C．connected
D．labeled
【3】
A．determine
B．calculate
C．transform
D．paint
【4】
A．making
B．imagining
C．feeling
D．observing
【5】
A．cooperated
B．mixed
C．went
D．lived
【6】
A．gently
B．violently
C．casually
D．suddenly
【7】
A．interesting
B．fortunate
C．necessary
D．dangerous
【8】
A．outcome
B．movement
C．beauty
D．surroundings
【9】
A．income
B．vision
C．doubt
D．hope
【10】
A．inspiration
B．power
C．equipment
D．experience
【11】
A．uploaded
B．copied
C．produced
D．found
【12】
A．responsibility
B．determination
C．patience
D．freedom
【13】
A．teaching
B．curing
C．tending
D．evaluating
【14】
A．give
B．attend
C．manage
D．skip
【15】
A．committed
B．described
C．brought
D．assigned
【16】
A．conveyed
B．introduced
C．applied
D．treated
【17】
A．exposed to
B．stuck in
C．known for
D．filled with
【18】
A．until
B．before
C．after
D．once
【19】
A．solution
B．goal
C．achievement
D．point
【20】
A．lasts
B．differs
C．counts
D．ends
26、Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的朋友李楠想在高考结束后报班学习驾驶或者第二外语，他发邮件向你询问有没有兴趣一起学习，请给他回复一封电子邮件，必须包括以下内容:
● 你愿意一起报班学习，并告知感兴趣的内容，二选一；
● 阐述你选择的理由。
(注意:文中请不要出现真实的校名人名)
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