2025-2026年甘肃酒泉初一下册期末英语试卷

1、The _____ of the harmful chemicals on the world’s lakes and oceans has raised awareness of the public.

A. effect B. effort

C. donation D. distribution

2、John _____ enormous credit for the way his team performed wonderfully, not only yesterday but throughout his first year in charge.

A. contributes B. deserves

C. convinces D. delivers

3、The reason for _____ he had the accident was _____ he was too careless when driving.

A.that; because B.which; because C.which; that D.that; that

4、—How about your journey to Mount Emei?

—Everything was wonderful except that our car _________ twice on the way.

A．slowed down

B．broke down

C．got down

D．put down

5、She was given a $1,000 ticket for ____________ the speed limit and a $ 230 ticket for disobeying a red light.

A. fetching B. exceeding

C. adjusting D. obeying

6、Successful people always make _____ preparations for any potential setbacks.

A. final B. urgent

C. abrupt D. adequate

7、________, the sky cleared up and we went to the beach.

A.Eventually B.Exactly C.Extremely D.Similarly

8、Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. I________dinner then.

A．will be having

B．will have

C．have

D．have had

9、Cancer has become the top killer ________ I think threatens the health of millions of people.

A.that B.of which C.不填 D.Both A and C

10、People with simple names enjoy quicker career advancement because names which are hard to pronounce inspire negative ________ from superiors.

A． considerations  B． consequences

C． expectations   D． reactions

11、He doesn't adapt ________ the teaching work, because he is slow to adapt ________ the unusual rules of the school

A．for, for

B．to, to

C．for, to

D．to, for

12、He has decided to settle ____in France because he is fond of the romantic country.

A. temporary B. temporarily

C. permanent D. permanently

13、“What do you think of the book?” “Oh, excellent, it’s worth ______ a second time.”

A．to read

B．to be read

C．being read

D．reading

14、Helen was kinder to her youngest son, which made the others _______ him.

A.to be envied B.envied C.to envy D.envy

15、The companies are working together to create _________ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

A．which

B．that

C．one

D．what

16、The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.

A. shouldn’t have taken B. couldn’t have taken

C. mustn’t have taken D. needn’t have taken

17、The woman ______ I am sending an email is my business partner.

A．to whom

B．whom

C．who

D．whose

18、Much to her disgust, his confidence________ on arrogance.

A.edges B.borders

C.splits D.emphasizes

19、My money __________. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand.

A.has run out B.has been run out C.is to be run out D.is running out

20、______ it is to have a cool drink after an ______ game.

A. How fun; exhausting B. What fun; exhausted

C. What fun; exhausting D. How fun; exhausted

21、___ all the time is the key to ___ progress in English .

A.Practice; making B.To practice; making

C.Practicing; make D.To practice; make

22、All parking signs have now been placed _________.

A. in practice B. in position

C. in danger D. in mind

23、The British Prime Minister was forced to make an important decision. ___________many would refuse to accept.

A.that B.the one C.one D.those

24、You ________ television. Why not do something more active?

A．always watch

B．are always watching

C．have always watched

D．always watched

25、It is proposed that a study plan ____ as soon as possible.

A. is made B. is to be made C. be made D. had been made

26、   Like Marty McFly’s banana-powered DeLorean （德罗宁时光机）,a future generation of flying cars could tip over the idea that all flying is bad for the climate. Firms such as the Rolls Royce, Lilium and Vertical Aerospace have argued that flying cars could be a green mode of transport despite the large amounts of energy they need to get off the ground.

One study into the environmental impact of such vertical （垂直的）takeoff and landing （(VTOL)） vehicles suggests their backers could be right — at least in some circumstances. Gregory Keoleian at the University of Michigan and colleagues found that VTOLs, if they ever took to the skies, would produce 6 per cent less emissions than an electric car over a 100-kilometre journey. "The VTOL is particularly energy intensive （集中的）during takeoff and landing. The flight phase,however,is much more efficient,and over long distances,makes fully loaded VTOLs competitive with ground based vehicles," says Keoleian. Flying cars would also have the advantage of being able to fly in a straight line, bypassing meandering routes.

However , don't act immedialely . The difference was only very small and there are several big catches. Flying cars don't really exist yet — they are only at the prototype （蓝本）stage. The prototypes rely on electric power and act as a taxi, but another issue is that the study is a bit of an apples-for-oranges comparison.

The researchers assume that each electric car carries an average of 1.54 passengers while the passengers and drivers of the flying car are three and one. The reason for this assumption is that the flying car will provide a shared taxi service like UberPool, but in fact electric cars can do the same. In addition t due to the need for energy during take-off, the emissions from the flight below 35 km will be more than those of electric vehicles.

Keoleian and his team conclude flying cars could have a minor role in sustainable transport. But even if they do prove to be green, they have a lot of other hurdles to cross first.

【1】Why do firms like the Rolls Royce argue for flying cars?

A. They are banana-powered. B. They are energy-saving.

C. They run faster. D. They need less energy to take off.

【2】What does Keoleian’s study find about the VTOL vehicles?

A. They are nearly perfect.

B. They are able to fly in a straight line.

C. They can win out over long distances.

D. They can save 6% energy than electric cars.

【3】What does the underlined word "catches" in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Problems. B. Advantages.

C. Differences, D. Efforts.

【4】What is the authors attitude to flying cars?

A. Doubtful. B. Supportive.

C. Disapproving. D. Neutral.

27、We often say that intelligence means being able to solve problems. Some animals seem able to do this. For example, dogs and cats often find their way home from long distances. To do this they have to use their intelligence. They have to remember and think. But many birds find their way over long distances, too. They travel thousands of miles every year when they move from cold to warm countries. We do not know how they do this but we know that they do not use their intelligence. They do not remember places and directions and then make decisions. Young birds are able to make these journeys without help as soon as they can fly. They are born with this ability. This is not intelligence. We call this "instinct".

Often we cannot be sure whether an animal is acting intelligently or insrinctively. When a dog hears a strange noise, it barks. This is instinct. It cannot stop itself from doing this. It does not really know why it is doing this. But supposing a noise is on fire and the dog barks outside its master's bedroom until he wakes up. Is the dog using its intelligence? Is it solving the problem by waking its master or is it simply barking instinctively because it is afraid? Often we cannot be sure.

Many animals, however, can be taught to solve problems, especially when they are given rewards. Rats have been taught to touch a key to get food Animals in circuses （马戏团）have been taught to do all sorts of tricks to amuse the audience. In all these cases we may say that an animal is using intelligence. It is saying, "If I do this, I will get a reward. Therefore. I will do it.' This may be thought of as a low kind of intelligence.

【1】To find their way home from long distances, cats and dogs have to________.

A．use their instinct

B．use their intelligence

C．travel thousands of miles

D．get enough food

【2】Birds don't have intelligence because________.

A．they cannot find their way home

B．they don't remember places and directions and then make decisions

C．young birds arc able to fly

D．they cannot hear cold weather

【3】We say a dog is not using its intelligence when barking at a strange noise because________.

A．it cannot control itself

B．it knows how to bark when it has grown up

C．we are not sure of it

D．it stops people from getting into a house

【4】Animals in circuses do all sorts of tricks to amuse an audience because________.

A．they know how to speak

B．they like to do so

C．they know they will he rewarded

D．they are afraid of human beings

【5】Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

A．We are not sure whether birds use their instinct when they fly long distances.

B．Even young birds can travel long distances.

C．Animals know how to solve a problem if you teach them.

D．A rat is showing a low kind of intelligence when it touches a key to get food.

28、   Keeping pence with your roommates will not always be a walk in the park. 【1】 You may also have to adjust yours as a form of cooperation and respect. Here are some steps you could follow to be at Peace with your new roommates:

【2】.This is the foundation of every friendship-familiarity with one another. Organize an open discussion about your roommate's personality. Know his likes and dislikes as well as his pet peeves(难忍之事，痛处). Have the necessary information in case of emergencies. This will allow each one of you an opportunity to understand one another more as well as reconcile(调解) differences if there is any.

Keep your messy stuff at bay.【3】 You must be mindful on your own share of the room's dirt and mess. Keep your things organized and generally out of anyone's way. Learn to be tidy and clean at all times. Create a duty schedule with your roommate, have an honest and fair agreement on it and stick strictly to it.

【4】 Good communication is the key here. You must accept that your roommate may be in a calm manner with your complaints. It is best to keep only in the room what happened in the room. It is not respectful if you would talk to other people that have no concern at all about your complaints.

Roommates arc perfect candidates to be your lifelong friends. Learn to treasure your relationship rooted in mutual(相互的) respect to each other. 【5】

A.Mind your basic manners.

B.Get to know your roommates more.

C.Deal with conflicts in a calm manner.

D.This will surely make your new room a home away from home.

E.Rather, you may have to face and deal with different personalities.

F.Nothing is more annoying than having a messy work and living space.

G.Provide your roommate with necessary time and space to make him feel the privacy he used to enjoy.

29、   The 2019 Beijing Horticultural Expo, the largest of its kind, has chosen the theme "Live Green,Live Better'. The expo, opened on April 29 in Yanqing District of Beijing, is scheduled to last for l62 days until October 7.

Tickets available

One-day ticket (single entry)

One-day ticket (single entry) for a designated day

Three-day ticket (three entries)

Unlimited entry pass (multiple entries, unrestricted days)

Regular ticket

Group ticket

Designated days:

Labor Day holiday (May l-4)

Dragon boat Festival holiday (June 7-9)

Mid-Autumn Festival holiday (Sept 13-15)

National Day holiday (Oct l-7)

Tickets prices

Standard dayticket 120 yuan

Ordinary designated day ticket 160 yuan

Discounted standard day ticket 80 yuan

Discounted designated day ticket 120 yuan

Tickets are free for children under the age of six or shorter than 130 centimeters. Discounted tickets are available for those with disabilities, seniors, children, students and PLA soldiers.

Where to buy

Visitors can buy or book tickets from two online agents, seven travel agencies, or three event channels-the event WeChat account, the event app or Onsite ticket kiosks.

Opening hours

Requirements

Buying tickets for Expo 2019 Beijing requires real-name registration, and all visitors are required to input information from their ID cards or valid passports, mainland travel permits for Hong Kong and Macao residents, and mainland travel permits for Taiwan residents, to buy or book tickets online.

【1】From the passage, what can we learn?

A. A resident from Macao just needs his passport to book his ticket for the expo.

B. Tickets cannot be booked through the event WeChat account.

C. One can be admitted in at any time with an unlimited entry pass.

D. Visitors must use their real names to buy tickets.

【2】If a soldier takes his wife, his 65-year-old father and five-old-year son to the expo on June 7, how much will he pay for their tickets?

A. 360 B. 480.

C. 400. D. 520.

【3】Where is the passage most probably taken from?

A. A notice board. B. A report.

C. A travel guide. D. A book review.

30、   A woman, who had spent the afternoon at Tom’s bar, couldn’t find her wallet. She didn’t care about her ID, credit card or cash but her wedding _______ .

Tom didn’t like the idea that a(n) _______ could have occurred at his place. So he spent hours on cameras, _______ the woman’s every step in the bar _______ she went to sit on a bench outside and left. Soon, a young man _______ the bench, put something into his pocket, and walked off. Tom _______ a photo online, hoping someone could know him.

Within hours, Tom got a text from 17-year-old Danny who _______ having taken the wallet because he hadn’ t eaten in two days. He thought the ring was _________, so he took the money and _______ the wallet off the public docks(码头) into the ocean. Danny wasn’ t __________ with his family and had been living in the __________ for a week. Tom, a father of two, saw the boy for what he was: more of a kid than a criminal, __________ to help him.

Tom called in two divers to __________ the wallet. An hour passed, but there was no __________ of the ring at all. Tom grew __________. Each passing minute increased the __________ that Danny would be arrested(逮捕).

Then a diver popped up. In his hand was the __________, and inside was the ring. Tom called the wallet’ s owner. She immediately dropped the __________ against Danny for stealing the ring.

But it wasn’t __________ for Tom. He’ d been troubled about Danny sleeping in the cold woods. With his home big enough to give Danny a place to live for a while, Tom told the teen he could __________ with his family until the boy got on his feet again.

【1】A.video B.cards C.ring D.photos

【2】A.case B.theft C.incident D.affair

【3】A.watching B.following C.designing D.imagining

【4】A.because B.since C.until D.when

【5】A.touched B.noticed C.found D.approached

【6】A.published B.posted C.took D.developed

【7】A.admitted B.forgot C.denied D.risked

【8】A.genuine B.priceless C.expensive D.worthless

【9】A.pushed B.dragged C.threw D.put

【10】A.breaking up B.getting along C.putting up D.walking along

【11】A.woods B.bar C.docks D.street

【12】A.managed B.failed C.decided D.happened

【13】A.search for B.reach for C.return for D.prepare for

【14】A.signal B.sign C.symbol D.sight

【15】A.annoyed B.confused C.frightened D.worried

【16】A.speed B.awareness C.chances D.level

【17】A.wallet B.camera C.cash D.credit card

【18】A.project B.charge C.campaign D.debate

【19】A.easy B.hard C.right D.over

【20】A.wander B.move C.travel D.stay

31、   What is a vegan? What is veganism?

Veganism is a type of vegetarian diet that _________meat, eggs, dairy products and all other animal-derived ingredients. Many vegans also do not eat foods that are _________using animal products, such as refined white sugar and some wines.

Vegan _________either a person who follows this was of eating, or the diet itself. That is, the word vegan can be an adjective used to describe a food item, as in, “This curry is vegan”, or, it can be used as a noun, as in, “Vegans like cookie, too.”

Although there is some _________ as to whether certain foods, such as honey, fit into a vegan diet, if you are cooking for other vegans, it is best to be cautious and _______ these foods. Most vegans _______ the definition of veganism to go beyond just food and will also avoid the use of all personal and household products tested on animals, and avoid _______ and using all animal-derived non-food products, such as leather, fur and wool.

What do vegans eat?

This is perhaps the most common question about veganism. A vegan diet includes grains, beans, legumes, vegetables and _______ or the nearly infinite number of foods made by combining them.

_______, many vegan versions of familiar foods are available, so you can eat vegan hot dogs, ice cream, cheese and vegan mayonnaise along with the more familiar veggie burgers. Many foods are ________ veganism, such as soy milk and tofu, but many non-vegans also enjoy tofu, and you certainly do not have to like tofu in order to eat vegan.

Vegans also eat many of the same common and ________ everyday foods such as a green salad, spaghetti, and chips and salsa which just about everyone eats. ________, a vegetarian burrito (玉米煎饼) without cheese or sour cream would be vegan, a vegetarian Thai curry made from coconut milk is vegan, pasta with tomato sauce non-meat and non-diary sauce is vegan, and most breads are vegan.

How can I become vegan?

So you have decided to become vegan. But now what? Some people easily go from eating meat to vegan right away, while others struggle with their new ________, or choose to go to vegetarian first and then ________ omit (去除) eggs and dairy. There is no right or wrong way to do it, but you may want to learn about what’s worked for other people. However, you do it, keep your ________ in mind and remember why you are choosing to adopt a vegan diet.

【1】A.excludes B.includes C.involves D.favors

【2】A.enjoyed B.consumed C.processed D.frozen

【3】A.protests against B.refers to C.consists of D.searches for

【4】A.analysis B.reason C.debate D.comment

【5】A.cook B.choose C.test D.avoid

【6】A.extend B.apply C.restrict D.offer

【7】A.controlling B.purchasing C.distributing D.producing

【8】A.eggs B.cheeses C.hot-dogs D.fruits

【9】A.Otherwise B.Because C.Besides D.Thus

【10】A.separated from B.ignored by C.associated with D.limited to

【11】A.cheap B.familiar C.delicious D.healthy

【12】A.As a result B.For example C.In a sense D.In particular

【13】A.belief B.mission C.commitment D.trend

【14】A.slowly B.easily C.essentially D.normally

【15】A.goal B.request C.responsibility D.expense

32、   Like many parents, I enjoyed reading a bedtime story to my two sons each night before they went to bed. After the story was over, we would turn out the lights, and talked until they fell ______.

One night after the lights were out, my 3-year-old son, Will, ______ me to tell them a story ______ by myself, not one from a book. So I ______ told him a story about the first thing that came into my ______. But to my surprise, he ______ it so much that he asked me to do that the next night.

Thus a story-telling tradition was ______ in our family. Ever since that night, they seemed not to be able to sleep without hearing one of my ______ stories. Of all the things I do for my ______，my storytelling is what they love most. It has created a special ______ between us. And they find that their day isn’t ______ without one of my stories, and so do I.

When I see how ______ my storytelling is in their lives, I come to realize how much our television and video-oriented （以视频为导向的）society has ______ in terms of the personal connections that storytelling brings. Before the ______ of television, computers and smartphones, a family’s ______ was built around storytelling. Many of the stories we have today originated from the oral（口述的） tradition. It was ______ down from generation to generation until someone finally ______ them down.

Storytelling serves as a creative way to ______ for me. During the storytelling, I forget about the pressure of the day and enjoy the ______ time I can spend with my children. I hope that other parents can gain ______ from storytelling, too.

【1】A.asleep B.short C.ill D.silent

【2】A.warned B.forced C.begged D.allowed

【3】A.made up B.taken up C.picked up D.brought up

【4】A.frequently B.casually C.secretly D.carefully

【5】A.book B.movie C.mouth D.mind

【6】A.believed B.doubted C.loved D.knew

【7】A.ended B.followed C.born D.destroyed

【8】A.crazy B.funny C.strange D.original

【9】A.parents B.children C.students D.relatives

【10】A.bond B.argument C.trust D.difference

【11】A.difficult B.bad C.sad D.complete

【12】A.valueless B.important C.helpless D.common

【13】A.earned B.progressed C.contributed D.lost

【14】A.familiarity B.operation C.invention D.discussion

【15】A.evening B.party C.morning D.dinner

【16】A.died B.passed C.broken D.thrown

【17】A.wrote B.cut C.slowed D.broke

【18】A.struggle B.relax C.fight D.escape

【19】A.unusual B.boring C.precious D.difficult

【20】A.confidence B.courage C.knowledge D.happiness

33、   Cassandra was in a rush with work and planning her 200-person wedding. As she was _______invitations for her wedding in the mail one day last year, she addressed one_______to her aunt and uncle. They were 20 minutes’_______from where she lived.

A week later, the_______came back. She had mistakenly _______the wrong address. A handwritten note was _______ to the return envelope: I wish I knew you. _______-go have dinner on me. I’ve been married for 40 years — it gets better with_______. A $20 bill was _______inside.

Cassandra was at a professional crossroads and had been having a(n)__________day. In fact, she was talking to her fiancé Jesse Jones about her difficulties just as she opened the __________envelope. Then she read the note.

“It was kind of perfect __________,” says Cassandra. “I was really grateful for it.” And the __________envelope wasn’t finished with its __________. Cassandra looked closer and saw that the person had written “Live long and prosper” on the envelope.

Cassandra and Jesse have no idea who the __________note writer is, but they went out to dinner the following night with a friend who was going overseas on army __________. They happily added the $20 to their __________. Then Cassandra stopped by a store and bought a thank-you card. She wrote her aunt and uncle’s incorrect __________ on the envelope again-this time on __________ — and sent it to “Kind Stranger.”

Inside, she wrote, “Thank you for the note and __________ the time to send it. I’m thankful for people like you still being in the world.”

【1】A.replacing B.offering C.sharing D.sending

【2】A.worriedly B.hurriedly C.carefully D.automatically

【3】A.drive B.delivery C.check D.march

【4】A.comment B.invitation C.plan D.appointment

【5】A.brought about B.brought down C.set about D.set down

【6】A.attached B.distributed C.devoted D.exposed

【7】A.Connections B.Cheers C.Congratulations D.Directions

【8】A.age B.belief C.shelter D.weight

【9】A.trapped B.included C.saved D.caught

【10】A.smooth B.casual C.tough D.average

【11】A.misdirected B.expected C.unloaded D.ignored

【12】A.lighting B.drawing C.charging D.timing

【13】A.optimistic B.imaginary C.special D.primary

【14】A.disappointments B.surprises C.memories D.qualifications

【15】A.similar B.popular C.complex D.mysterious

【16】A.service B.support C.experiment D.application

【17】A.form B.ticket C.routine D.bill

【18】A.address B.name C.certificate D.guidance

【19】A.approval B.demand C.purpose D.principle

【20】A.affording B.sparing C.advising D.demanding

34、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Expressions about water are almost as common as water itself. But many of the expressions using water have unpleasant meanings.

The expression “to be in hot water” is one of them. It is a very old expression, which can be 【1】 back to 500 years ago. The expression is used to mean being in trouble. One story says it got that meaning from the custom of throwing extremely hot water down on enemies attacking a castle.

Being in “deep water” is almost the same as being in “hot water”. When you are in deep water, you are in a difficult 【2】. Imagine a person who cannot swim being thrown in water over his head. You are in deep water when you are facing a problem that you do not have the ability to solve. The problem is too deep. You can be in deep water, for example, if you invest in stocks in complete 【3】 of the stock market.

"Water over the dam" is another expression about a past event. It is something that cannot be 【4】. The expression comes from the idea that water that has 【5】 a dam cannot be brought back again. When a friend is 【6】 by a mistake she has made, you might tell her to forget about it. You say it is water over the dam.

Another common expression, "to hold water," is about the strength or weakness of an idea or opinion that you may be arguing about. It probably comes from the way of testing the 【7】 of a container. If it can hold water, it is strong and has no holes in it. If your 【8】 can hold water, it is strong and does not have any holes. If it does not hold water, then it is weak and can not be 【9】.

"Throwing cold water" also is an expression that deals with an idea or 【10】. For example, you want to buy a new car because the old one has some problems. But you wife "throws cold water" on the idea, because she says a new car costs too much

35、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Smell the flowers before you go to sleep and you may just end up with rosy dreams. Have a whiff of rotten(腐烂的)eggs during the night and your dreams may be【1】(pleasant). So says researcher Dr. Boris Stuck, 【2】invited sleeping volunteers to a rose vs. rotten egg test in the University Hospital Mannheim in Germany. The subjects didn’t dream about roses【3】eggs, but rather he found that what they smelt affected the emotions of【4】(they) dreams.

And if you think【5】(smell) have a say in dreams, wait for what TV tells us. A UK study reveals that people exposed【6】black-and-white film and TV in their youth are to have monochromic(单色的)dreams throughout their life more【7】(probable). Eva Murzyn from the University of Dundee tested two age groups— one half 【8】(age) over 55 and【9】other half under 25.

The result? Under 5% of the dreams of the under-25s were in black and white. 【10】(watch)color TV in childhood seems to be the reason why.

36、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Everyone has their own unique fingerprint; 【1】 makes fingerprints an ideal way to unlock smartphones. However, this may be 【2】 (safe) than we think.

Scientists at New York University and Michigan State University in the US have developed a set of fake fingerprints. They say that the prints 【3】 unlock any fingerprint-enabled smartphone up to 65 percent of the time.

The artificial fingerprints 【4】 (create) by using many common features found in human prints. They work 【5】 taking advantage of the way smartphone scanners check a fingerprint.

The fingerprint scanners   【6】 (use) in smartphones are so small that they only read parts of fingerprints. So they have to take many scans of your finger or thumb (拇指) 【7】 they work properly. Smartphones also let users save several finger and thumbprints. Since a print only has to match one of the saved images 【8】 (unlock) the phone, the scanner is more likely to make mistakes.

Although the scientists have only tested their findings in computer simulations (模拟), 【9】 (worry) about the safety of using fingerprints are reasonable .They warn that the technology used to create artificial fingerprints is improving   【10】 (extreme) fast.

37、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Why Cold weather Causes So many Flight Cancellation?

Each year, about 60,000 flights get canceled because of bad winter weather, which costs airlines and airports an estimated $3 billion. But it’s not the freezing cold temperatures that cause problems for planes. After all, 【1】 jets fly 10 kilometers up, where temperatures hover around -50 degrees Celsius.

In fact, planes 【2】 in cold weather, since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust. Clearly, the real problem isn’t what’s going on up there. It’s what’s happening on the ground.

When a 【3】 polar vortex (极地涡旋) struck the Midwestern US in January 2019, temperatures dropped to -40 degrees Celsius and airline canceled 3,000 flights nationwide. In these situations, when temperatures start 【4】, everything slows down. Cargo doors can freeze up, along with the nozzles that pump fuel into planes, which delays the 【5】 process.

Even the plane itself can freeze over. Just a quarter-inch - thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings.

Les Westbrooks: The number one reason, I would say, that the reason flights get delayed in cold weather is going to be because there’s some kind of frozen precipitation, from frost to snow to a sheet of ice, adhering to the aircraft, adhering to the wings of the aircraft 【6】.

That’s Les Westbrooks, a retired airline pilot and an associate professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says that 【7】, these planes are “de-iced” - but this also delays takeoff. The crew can spray the plane with a special hot water/ glycol mixture. It can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes, so planes often have to wait “their turn” for the de-icing station, which, of course, can trigger more delays.

And ice on the runway, of course, creates another set of 【8】. In 2014, a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow, leading to an hours-long shutdown at the airport. And even though crews can remove ice from the runway, scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes (坑洞) and other 【9】, which makes takeoffs and landings more dangerous. And of course, snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials have to decide it’s not safe to fly at all.

But if ice and snow aren’t the problem in these extremely cold temperatures, it’s usually another factor: people.

Les Westbrooks: The airplane flies at high altitudes, -60 degrees. It’s made to do that. Humans are not made to be outside in -60 degrees weather. And so the human factor becomes a big, big factor, when it becomes extremely cold.

Baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and mechanics all have to stay warm. Some airports, like O’Hare in Chicago, set up heated shelters for their employees. Of course, with everyone taking breaks to warm up, not as much gets done, which leads to even more delays and cancellations. Passengers start missing their 【10】 flights, and that, along with passengers who can’t make it to the airport due to bad road conditions, leads to half-empty planes.

In fact, many airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits. So, in the end, you can still blame cold weather for cancelling your flight.

38、汉族成年礼延续数千年，历史悠久。至满清入关后，满清统治者一纸令下，终结了绵延了几千年的成人礼，然而现在正在逐渐恢复且越来越流行。假定你是高三学生李华，学校将于下周五晚上七点在阶梯教室举办成人礼活动。请你代表学生会写一封邮件给外教Tom，邀请其参加本届成人礼活动并简要介绍活动时间地点及流程等。

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;

3.开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇:成人礼 the coming-of-age ceremony

Dear Tom,

I’m Li Hua, one of your students. On behalf of the students’ union,

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

39、阅读下面材料,   根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,   使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Mai Lin wasn’t doing well enough at school, or at least she wasn’t satisfied with herself. She wished she could do better.

“Let’s review the material we learned in the last unit,” the history teacher said. “Who can tell us what caused the War of 1812?” Mai Lin sat at her desk, staring ahead. She hoped the teacher wouldn’t call her name. They hadn’t studied the War of 1812 at her old school and she didn’t know the answer.

“Alison?” the teacher asked instead. Oh, perfect, Mai Lin thought. Of course Alison would have the answer. She seemed to have all the answers. Alison was the most popular girl in school – always surrounded by millions of boyfriends, best friends, and others. She was like a brilliant sun.

Mai Lin hadn’t made one or two friends of her own so far. Her old school was small and low-key, but a shy person like Mai Lin had a chance there. This new school, however, seemed as big as an airport to Mai Lin, and it seemed very hard to get around in it. She still got lost sometimes in the school.

Mai Lin frowned (皱眉) as Alison answered the teacher’s question. Alison probably never got lost, Mai Lin thought to herself. You could probably put Alison down in the middle of a desert, and within five minutes she’d be able to tell you the best way to get home.

History class finally ended, and Mai Lin headed for the gym. The class had been playing basketball. Alison, who was as tall and thin and attractive as a tree, was very good at it. Beside her, Mai Lin felt like a very small and foolish ant. Today, however, the gym teacher pointed to a thick rope hanging from the ceiling and said, “Everybody! You’re going to climb this rope today.”

注意：

1.续写词数应为 150 左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Hearing the teacher’s words, Mai Lin smiled.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Mai Lin stepped forward and got close to the rope.

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40、请阅读下面图文材料，并按要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

【写作内容】

1．用约30个单词概述上面图文的主要内容；

2．简要分析近年来参观博物馆人数越来越多的原因；

3．就博物馆如何更好地发挥其教育功能提出你的建议(不少于两点)。

【写作要求】

1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3．不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

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41、假设你是李华，经常和美国朋友Tom通过网络交流，你的英语进步很大。在Tom髙中 毕业之际，请你给他写封邮件,内容包括：

1. 表示祝贺；

2.询问他的暑期计划；

3.感谢他的帮助。

注意：1.词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Tom,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Best wishes!

Yours

Li Hua