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1、The whole nation responds to the call _______ everybody shall wear masks wherever they go.
A.which B.that C.when D.because
2、In many countries in the world, breakfast is a snack ______ a meal, but the traditional English breakfast is a full meal.
A. less than B. more than
C. other than D. rather than
3、—So you didn’t say hello to him last night?
—Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he ________ me and walked on with his head very high.
A.ignored B.refused C.recognized D.missed
4、Mum always ______ great ways to celebrate our birthday.
A. puts up with B. comes up with C. keeps up with D. catches up with
5、He made a considerable_______selling waste materials.
A.wealth B.possessions C.property D.fortune
6、Encourage your kids to try new things, but try not to _________them too hard.
A. push B. pull
C. pump D. put
7、The economist argues that no society can surely be flourishing and happy, ________ of the members are poor and miserable.
A．of which the far greater part
B．of which far greater part
C．of whom the far greater part
D．of whom far greater part
8、Hibernating animals have stored ________ fat in their bodies during the summer and autumn.
A．a good many
B．supplies of
C．a large quantity of
D．a few
9、Henry would rather his mother________ in the school where he is studying.
A．not work B．not worked
C．didn't work D．not working
10、A true gentleman won’t pretend to have those absurd manners which are necessary ______ we call the upper class.
A. who B. in which
C. in what D. which
11、Please tell me how the accident _____. I am still in the dark.
A.came out B.came by C.came across D.came about
12、Jack is late again. It is ______ of him to keep others waiting.
A.normal B.ordinary C.typical D.common
13、Mr. Hilton’s new house is almost ______ the one he used to live in.
A. twice the size of B. as twice big as
C. bigger twice than D. the twice size of
14、A lot of people _____the theory that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the brain.
A.apply to B.submit to C.relate to D.subscribe to
15、The old man could buy nothing ______ .
A. with his money to steal B. with his money having stolen
C. with his money stealing D. with his money stolen
16、Try to discourage him ________ driving too fast, as it’s extremely dangerous.
A.from B.into C.to D.for
17、It was 1897 ____a European chemist called Dr. Felix Hoffman produced aspirin from this chemical.
A.that B.how C.when D.which
18、The researchers were confident that their unusual technique could finally provide a （n）_________ to drugs in treating heart conditions.
A.alternative B.access C.witness D.application
19、—I just love living here in London. I mean, the culture, the parks, the restaurants...
— , it's not the cheapest place to live.
A．To put it another way
B．To be fair
C．To put it simply
D．To make things worse
20、Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.
A.acquired B.finished C.concluded D.achieved
21、The British Prime Minister was forced to make an important decision. ___________many would refuse to accept.
A.that B.the one C.one D.those
22、Last year the well-known actress did all ________ help the poor children in that mountain village.
A. she could do B. she could to
C. what she could to D. that she could
23、Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age.
A．it
B．that
C．what
D．one
24、Jack failed to finish his project on time. If he me about it, I would have given him a hand.
A. tell B. told
C. had told D. would tell
25、The store______ I bought my textbooks is having a sale this week.
A．that
B．where
C．which
D．why
26、You know how wonderful you are, and you know that others know how wonderful you are, but what do you do when admiration crosses over the line into jealousy? For most teens there will come a day when you realize that one of your friends is jealous and that this jealousy is hurting your friendship. When this happens it can seem like there is nothing that you can do, but the good news is that there is. Don’t let jealousy spoil your relationships. Tackle it head on and you might be back to normal much sooner than you think.
It can be hard to walk up to a friend and ask them what the problem is, but if you want to save your friendship you’ll have to do just that. Don’t approach them and ask why they are jealous of you (unless of course you want to appear totally conceited), just take some time alone with them and let them know that you’ve been feeling like there’s been something coming between you. If they refuse to respond, then use the opportunity to explain how you have been feeling. Chances are that something you say will strike a nerve and your friend will open up as well.
When you figure out what is annoying your friend, ask him or her what (s)he thinks would make the situation better. If, for example, (s)he says that (s)he feels like (s)he doesn’t get to spend any time with you because of your being off with your new friends from the swim team then maybe you could invite her along the next time or block off one day a week for just the two of you. Remember, though, that whatever solution you decide on should be a compromise. Don’t limit your own talents or opportunities simply because your friend is unhappy. Try instead to include him or her in your new life and see how that works out.
Even the best of friendships can be tinged by jealousy. This destructive emotion is rarely productive and can turn best friends into worst enemies. Before taking extreme action, chat with your jealous friend to see if the two of you can work out a compromise. If you can’t, be prepared to know exactly how far you will go to keep your friend and how far you won’t.
【1】According to the author, the jealousy emotion is________.
A. normal B. destructive
C. productive D. extreme
【2】Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to confront your friend when jealousy happens?
A. Spending some time with him/her and letting him/her know you think there’s something between you.
B. Spending some time with him/her and letting him/her know how you feel.
C. Walking up to him/her and asking him/her what the problem is.
D. Walking up to him/her and asking him/her why he/she is jealous of you.
【3】The underlined “it” in the first paragraph refers to________.
A. friendship B. relationship
C. jealousy D. admiration
【4】What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. Jealousy can turn best friends into worst enemies.
B. There’s always a solution to solve the problem of jealousy.
C. You should go a long way with your friend to work out a solution
D. You may lose a friend to keep your own gifts, chances or self development.
【5】The purpose of the passage is________.
A. to explain what causes jealousy
B. to offer some advice on making friends
C. to introduce the way to cope with a jealous friend
D. to explain how destructive the jealous emotion is
27、 Late blight (晚疫病) is a common disease of plants such as tomatoes and potatoes, capable of wiping out entire crops on commercial-sized fields. If conditions are favorable, it can quickly spread to other plants through wet soil and wind.
In history, late blight caused over 1 million deaths in Ireland. Today it still causes more than 6.7 billion dollars in annual losses worldwide. Small farms and growers are often the hardest hit, many stating losing almost two-thirds of their yearly production, because usually they don’t have money to identify and treat the disease.
But farmers may have a new weapon now. The technology, designed by researchers at North Carolina State University can recognize sick plants early by employing a piece of test paper that plugs into (接入) a reader on a smartphone.
Plants produce signaling chemicals from their leaves. “If a plant is diseased, the type and concentration of these chemicals changes,” said Wei Qingshan, an engineer at North Carolina State University. If the farmer suspects a late blight infection is underway, he can remove a leaf from a living plant and place it in a small, covered glass jar. After the leaf’s volatile (挥发性的) chemicals have accumulated for 15 minutes or so, the cap is removed and the air is pumped from the jar into a reader attached to the back of a smartphone. Inside the smartphone reader is a piece of paper specially treated with dyes ( 染料 ) by the researchers. Upon interacting with the plant’s volatile chemicals, the paper changes color to indicate the presence or absence of the late blight.
The researchers hope to tailor the technology for other crop diseases, which continue to appear as climate change and global trade increase the stress on agricultural systems. “This is an important step in the improvement of global food security,” Wei Qingshan said.
【1】What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.The damage caused by late blight.
B.The money put into late blight treatment.
C.The number of crops in a commercial-sized field.
D.The yearly production of small farms and growers.
【2】According to Wei Qingshan, how would a farmer find out if a plant was infected?
A.By treating the plant with special dyes.
B.By putting volatile chemicals on the plant.
C.By testing the air in the jar with a leaf inside.
D.By examining the land with a smartphone reader.
【3】What do the researchers expect of their new technology?
A.It’ll reach farmers soon.
B.It’ll get rid of late blight.
C.It’ll be beneficial to the climate.
D.It’ll be able to detect more crop diseases.
【4】Where is the text most likely from?
A.A news report. B.A guidebook.
C.A lesson plan. D.An advertisement.
28、Journalists are the professionals(专业人士) that are responsible for bringing all up-to-date information to readers from every comer of the world. By delivering their voice, many famous journalists have earned worldwide fame.
Joseph Pulitzer
According to Joseph Pulitzer, if a nation can be seen as a large ship at sea, the journalists are its watchkeepers who report hidden dangers to make sure the safe journey of the ship.He worked for the St.Louis Post-Dispatch and The World. He is known to the world as the “Grandfather of Modern Journalism”.
Margaret Bourke White
Margaret Bourke-White is known as the first female war journalist and a skilled photo-journalist. She did some outstanding work by creating a photographic record of World War and the Great Depression.She was the only photo-journalist who was permitted to work in combat zone by the US army to report the war.
Carl Bernstein
Carl Bernstein is one of the most famous American investigative journalist, and he has proved the saying,“The pen is more powerful than sword”. Carl worked with another great journalist Bob Woodward at The Washington Post.They brought about a revolution in the US by working together on the Watergate scandal(丑闻),which led to President Richard Nixon's resignation.This let The Washington Post receive a Pulitzer Prize for Public Service in1973.
Anna Quindlen
Anna Quindlen's love for journalism gave her a kick-start from her high school where she worked for her high school paper. Later, she went on to write interesting and in demand columns(专栏)like“Hers”,”Public and Private”and many more for The New York Times,which won her the Pulitzer Prize in 1992.This is the reason why she is known as the“Voice of the Baby Boomers”.
【1】Who has contributed most to modern journalism?
A．Joseph Pulitzer.
B．Margaret Bourke-White.
C．Carl Bernstein.
D．Anna Quindlen.
【2】How many female journalists does the text mention in all?
A．One.
B．Two.
C．Three.
D．Four.
【3】In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear?
A．Science.
B．Entertainment.
C．Figure.
D．Service.
29、 Plastic production has soared over the past 25 years, and the mess it causes has risen sharply. Recycling is one option. Another is biology, and with that in mind researchers have been hunting for creatures that can digest plastics. Several species of fungi and bacteria can do the job, but only slowly. Now Anja Brandon, a student at Stanford University has found that bacteria in the guts（肠）of mealworms can break down polymers（多聚体）much more quickly.
Other researchers had already found that mealworms can digest a particular plastic called polystyrene（聚苯乙烯）. Ms Brand on and Dr Criddle wondered whether polystyrene was uniquely delicious, or whether the bacteria in the worms' guts might be able to eat other sorts of plastic, too. To cheek, they turned to polyethylene（聚乙烯）, which is both more common than polystyrene and very different in chemical terms. If the worms found it nutritious as well, that would suggest their tastes might be usefully wide-ranging.
The researchers divided their worms into groups. Some were given 1.8 grams of either polyethylene or polystyrene. Some were given both. Others had their plastic meals supplemented with wheat b ran（麦麸）, which had been found to increase the rate at which mealworms could digest polystyrene. A control group of worms was fed only bran.
More than 90% of the worms survived the 32-day experiment. Those fed only polyethylene found it very agreeable, polishing off 0.87 of their 1.8-gram belting. That was significantly more than the worms eating polystyrene, who managed just 0.57 grams of the stuff. Best of all were the worms that were given bran with their plastic. They chewed through 1.1 grams of polyethylene and 0.98 grams of polystyrene.
The researchers argue that not only are mealworms probably able to digest a wide range of plates, but that the nature of their gut bacteria should allow them to specialize in a particular sort relatively quickly. A small population of a thousand worms, they find, might manage to consume 0.32 grams of polyethylene or 0.28 grams of polystyrene in a day. That is still not lightning fast. But it is quicker than waiting for it to break down in a landfill.
【1】What does the underlined "that" in paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Plastic production. B.The mess.
C.Recycling of plastic . D.Biology.
【2】Why did the scientists choose polyethylene?
A.Because it is more common. B.Because it is similar to polystyrene.
C.Because it is more nutritious. D.Because it is hard to be recycled.
【3】Which group digested fastest in the experiment?
A.Those eating polystyrene.
B.Those eating polyethylene.
C.Those eating plastic with wheat bran.
D.Those eating both polystyrene and polyethylene.
【4】What do the researchers think of the application of the finding?
A.Impractical. B.Poising.
C.Ridiculous. D.Controversial.
30、 My friend and I had just set off from Vancouver to do a five-day canoe （独木舟） trip in Bowron Lake Provincial park.
We'd been __ the trip for quite a while 一 reservations at the park need to be __ months in advance. I'd taken some time off work and my friend managed to spare some time for the adventure. We were driving to Bowron Lake when our car __ down. __ , we were just outside a small town which had a little motel （汽车旅馆）, where we met a kind stranger.
He gave us the __ of a mechanic （修理工）in town. We called him and it __ that our car problem wasn't a big deal to fix, but the mechanic needed to order a part that would __ a few days to show up. At that point, we __ our trip would have to be cancelled.
The kind-hearted stranger insisted that we __ our trip when we mentioned the change of plans. He offered to drop us off at the lake, coordinate with （与 协'调）the mechanic to __ the car while we were gone, and then __ my friend and me after we finished canoeing.
I still remember everything he did to help us, which was __ . It was a trip that never would have happened __ he hadn't done all he did, which helped us so much. It's people like him ___make me want to go out of my way for others who are travelling and __ help.
【1】A.enjoying B.imagining C.planning D.completing
【2】A.bought B.decided C.ordered D.booked
【3】A.broke B.set C.turned D.got
【4】A.Finally B.Initially C.Unfortunately D.Luckily
【5】A.address B.number C.introduction D.story
【6】A.proved B.pretended C.needed D.intended
【7】A.pay B.spend C.cost D.take
【8】A.figured B.promised C.remembered D.heard
【9】A.finished B.finish C.canceled D.cancel
【10】A.fix up B.pull over C.get out D.put away
【11】A.pay for B.search for C.pick up D.cheer up
【12】A.unavoidable B.unbelievable C.unrecognizable D.unacceptable
【13】A.before B.since C.unless D.if
【14】A.which B.whom C.that D.as
【15】A.fond of B.in need of C.used to D.in favor of
31、I was at the post office early that morning, hoping to be in and out in a short while. Yet, I ________ myself standing in a queue that went all the way into the hallway. I had never seen so many people there on a weekday. It seemed someone might have made an announcement, welcoming customers to carry as many ________ as they could and bring them in when I needed to have my own package _________. The queue moved very slowly. My patience ran out and I got ________. The longer it took, the angrier I became. When I got to the counter finally, I finished my __________ quickly and briefly, and then walked past the queue that was now extending past the front door.
"Excuse me," I said, trying not to be too pushy. Several people had to move _________ to make room for me to get to the __________.
I stepped out, complaining about the ________ conditions. Thinking I was going to be late for my dentist appointment, I headed into the parking lot．
A woman was coming across the lot in my ________. She was walking with determination, and each step sounded very heavy. I _________that she looked as if she could breathe fire. It stopped me in my tracks. I _______ myself and it wasn't pretty. Had I looked like that? Her body language said that she was having a ______ day. My anger melted away. I wished I could wrap her in a hug but I was a ________. So I did what I could in a minute_________she hurried past me ----I smiled. In a second everything changed. She was astonished, then somewhat _________.Then her face softened and her shoulders ________. I saw her take a deep breath. Her pace slowed and she smiled back at me as we passed each other．
I continued to smile all the way to my ______. Wow, it's amazing what a simple smile can do.
From then on, I became aware of people's _________and my own, the way we show our feelings. Now I use that _______ every day to let it_________me that when facing the world, I can try a smile.
【1】
A．helped
B．found
C．troubled
D．enjoyed
【2】
A．things
B．dollars
C．chances
D．packages
【3】
A．weighed
B．cashed
C．lifted
D．carried
【4】
A．pleased
B．annoyed
C．delighted
D．disappointed
【5】
A．situation
B．choice
C．business
D．attitude
【6】
A．aside
B．about
C．along
D．away
【7】
A．counter
B．cashier
C．entrance
D．exit
【8】
A．weather
B．work
C．service
D．shopping
【9】
A．direction
B．decision
C．satisfaction
D．imagination
【10】
A．announced
B．noticed
C．proved
D．discovered
【11】
A．trusted
B．persuaded
C．hid
D．recognized
【12】
A．big
B．bright
C．rough
D．nice
【13】
A．gentleman
B．passenger
C．customer
D．stranger
【14】
A．before
B．though
C．until
D．since
【15】
A．attracted
B．confused
C．cheered
D．frightened
【16】
A．relaxed
B．raised
C．trembled
D．tightened
【17】
A．office
B．car
C．home
D．doctor
【18】
A．appearances
B．reactions
C．expressions
D．behaviors
【19】
A．treatment
B．conclusion
C．awareness
D．achievement
【20】
A．tell
B．show
C．give
D．remind
32、 Everyone back home told me that one of the nicest things about college is the people you meet. They all assured me that I would ________ friendships that could last a lifetime. I would always smile and agree. Frankly, before I ________ college. I really didn’t care.
I lived in the ________ where six guys lived in two small connecting rooms. All my roommates seemed to be good guys, but I didn’t really try to get to know them.
I have always been rather quiet and never been able to make friends ________. I would always forget names after I met people. When we ________ again and they called out my name, I would reply with an ________ wave and a weak hello. This was how things went for the first month or so. After a while, things started to ________. A couple of my roommates would try and keep me talking. Soon, these two roommates and I started becoming fairly ________. We began going to the cafeteria together, ________ together, and meeting in the library to study.
One night my roommates invited me to listen to a fellow roommate’s practice with one of our college choir. They drove me across campus where my roommate was to ________.
It so happened that this was my birthday, but I had kept quiet about it. So you can imagine my ________ when we entered the recital hall and the 120-member choir began to sing “Happy Birthday” to me. ________ at the dorm, my friends held a small party for me, complete with a card and cake.
I was completely shocked, and I felt ________ to be able to call them friends. It was then that I realized that college means ________ the piece of paper you receive at the end — It’s an ________ in both life and people.
In
【1】A. form B. follow C. approach D. introduce
【2】A. leave out B. leave behind C. leave for D. leave aside
【3】A. dorm B. hotel C. inn D. canteen
【4】A. deliberately B. easily C. greedily D. merely
【5】A. attended B. emerged C. passed D. proposed
【6】A. splendid B. unique C. embarrassed D. upset
【7】A. turn B. worsen C. arise D. change
【8】A. intangible B. aggressive C. tiresome D. close
【9】A. exercising B. dropping C. rising D. kicking
【10】A. preserve B. perform C. settle D. serve
【11】A. surprise B. dislike C. disappointment D. bonus
【12】A. Away B. Down C. Back D. Out
【13】A. aware B. afraid C. sure D. proud
【14】A. more than B. rather than C. less than D. other than
【15】A. culture B. tradition C. custom D. education
33、Pass Your Love On
Waiting for the airplane to take off, I was happy to get a seat by myself. Just then, an air hostess approached me and asked, “Would you mind ______ your seat? A couple would like to sit together.” The only _____ seat was next to a girl with her arms in casts (石膏绷带)， a black-and-blue face, and a sad expression. “______ am I going to sit there,” I thought immediately. But a soft voice spoke, “She needs help.” Finally, I ______ to move to that seat.
The girl was named Kathy. She ______ in a car accident and now was on her way for ______.
When the snack and juice arrived, it did not take me long to ______ that Kathy would not be able to ______ herself. I considered ______ to feed her but hesitated, as it seemed too ______ to offer a service to a ______. But then I realized that Kathy’s need was more ______ than my discomfort. I offered to help her eat, and ______ she was uncomfortable to accept, she ______ as I expected. We became closer and closer in a short period of time. By the end of the five-hour trip, my heart ______, and the ______ was really better spent than if I had just sat by myself.
I was very glad I had reached ______ my comfort zone to sit next to Kathy and feed her. Love ______ flows beyond human borders and removes the fears that keep us ______. When we ______ to serve another, we grow to live in a larger and more rewarding world.
【1】A. losing B. changing C. taking D. giving
【2】A. comfortable B. suitable C. available D. favorable
【3】A. No problem B. No way C. Nowhere D. No doubt
【4】A. decided B. wanted C. regretted D. promised
【5】A. was B. would be C. used to be D. had been
【6】A. treatment B. travel C. pleasure D. business
【7】A. know B. say C. realize D. recognize
【8】A. eat B. feed C. choose D. support
【9】A. offering B. needing C. stopping D. trying
【10】A. impolite B. far C. close D. fast
【11】A. girl B. neighbor C. passenger D. stranger
【12】A. unusual B. direct C. important D. shameful
【13】A. when B. although C. since D. as
【14】A. refused B. wondered C. cried D. did
【15】A. had warmed B. had jumped C. had broken D. had cheered
【16】A. life B. money C. time D. energy
【17】A. below B. through C. across D. beyond
【18】A. seldom B. never C. hardly D. sometimes
【19】A. separate B. independent C. silent D. upset
【20】A. happen B. stretch C. wait D. continue
34、
Rapidly advancing technology and its impact on education has been a subject of debate. How can schools equip students with the skills they need to succeed in a challenging job market?
Since technology is driving these changes, there is a theory that governments should keep focusing on STEM subjects. These are often referred to as “hard skills,” which are 【1】 in primary school and right through to university level. In the meantime, ‘soft skills’ are being 【2】.
This is a mistake. Much evidence suggests that soft skills are far more 【3】 to graduates in the long term. Research from Harvard University on the global job market has shown that STEM- related careers grew strongly between 1989 and 2000 but have slowed down since. In contrast, jobs in the creative industries----the sector probably most 【4】 with the need for soft skills---are growing rapidly. Soft skills are, in fact, increasingly in demand in the workplace: Google cites creativity, leadership 【5】 and communication skills as top requirements for both potential and current employees.
So why are soft skills so highly 【6】 for?
With the rapid evolution of technology, a focus on hard skills leaves students 【7】 to change, as these often have a short shelf life. According to research by World Economic Forum, more than one in four adults reports a mismatch between their skills and those needed for their job role. If soft skills are taught well, these skills should enable students to adapt to change more easily and progress further in their 【8】 career.
Of course, technical skills are important. But without the curriculum placing equal--- if not greater --- 【9】 on soft skills, our education systems are missing a huge trick. Hard skills may help a student get a job in a particular industry, but soft skills will help them disrupt it, achieving a wider 【10】 in their chosen field.
35、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Expressions about water are almost as common as water itself. But many of the expressions using water have unpleasant meanings.
The expression “to be in hot water” is one of them. It is a very old expression, which can be 【1】 back to 500 years ago. The expression is used to mean being in trouble. One story says it got that meaning from the custom of throwing extremely hot water down on enemies attacking a castle.
Being in “deep water” is almost the same as being in “hot water”. When you are in deep water, you are in a difficult 【2】. Imagine a person who cannot swim being thrown in water over his head. You are in deep water when you are facing a problem that you do not have the ability to solve. The problem is too deep. You can be in deep water, for example, if you invest in stocks in complete 【3】 of the stock market.
"Water over the dam" is another expression about a past event. It is something that cannot be 【4】. The expression comes from the idea that water that has 【5】 a dam cannot be brought back again. When a friend is 【6】 by a mistake she has made, you might tell her to forget about it. You say it is water over the dam.
Another common expression, "to hold water," is about the strength or weakness of an idea or opinion that you may be arguing about. It probably comes from the way of testing the 【7】 of a container. If it can hold water, it is strong and has no holes in it. If your 【8】 can hold water, it is strong and does not have any holes. If it does not hold water, then it is weak and can not be 【9】.
"Throwing cold water" also is an expression that deals with an idea or 【10】. For example, you want to buy a new car because the old one has some problems. But you wife "throws cold water" on the idea, because she says a new car costs too much
36、按照课文内容填空
At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were【1】, but today they are accepted as the beginning of【2】we call “modern art’. This is because the Impressionists 【3】artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles, but 【4】the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter doesn’t 【5】to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, 【6】instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, 【7】color, line and shape to represent them. On the【8】hand, some paintings of modern art are so 【9】 that they look photographs. These styles are so different. Who can【10】what painting styles there will be in the future?
37、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Why Cold weather Causes So many Flight Cancellation?
Each year, about 60,000 flights get canceled because of bad winter weather, which costs airlines and airports an estimated $3 billion. But it’s not the freezing cold temperatures that cause problems for planes. After all, 【1】 jets fly 10 kilometers up, where temperatures hover around -50 degrees Celsius.
In fact, planes 【2】 in cold weather, since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust. Clearly, the real problem isn’t what’s going on up there. It’s what’s happening on the ground.
When a 【3】 polar vortex (极地涡旋) struck the Midwestern US in January 2019, temperatures dropped to -40 degrees Celsius and airline canceled 3,000 flights nationwide. In these situations, when temperatures start 【4】, everything slows down. Cargo doors can freeze up, along with the nozzles that pump fuel into planes, which delays the 【5】 process.
Even the plane itself can freeze over. Just a quarter-inch - thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings.
Les Westbrooks: The number one reason, I would say, that the reason flights get delayed in cold weather is going to be because there’s some kind of frozen precipitation, from frost to snow to a sheet of ice, adhering to the aircraft, adhering to the wings of the aircraft 【6】.
That’s Les Westbrooks, a retired airline pilot and an associate professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says that 【7】, these planes are “de-iced” - but this also delays takeoff. The crew can spray the plane with a special hot water/ glycol mixture. It can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes, so planes often have to wait “their turn” for the de-icing station, which, of course, can trigger more delays.
And ice on the runway, of course, creates another set of 【8】. In 2014, a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow, leading to an hours-long shutdown at the airport. And even though crews can remove ice from the runway, scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes (坑洞) and other 【9】, which makes takeoffs and landings more dangerous. And of course, snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials have to decide it’s not safe to fly at all.
But if ice and snow aren’t the problem in these extremely cold temperatures, it’s usually another factor: people.
Les Westbrooks: The airplane flies at high altitudes, -60 degrees. It’s made to do that. Humans are not made to be outside in -60 degrees weather. And so the human factor becomes a big, big factor, when it becomes extremely cold.
Baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and mechanics all have to stay warm. Some airports, like O’Hare in Chicago, set up heated shelters for their employees. Of course, with everyone taking breaks to warm up, not as much gets done, which leads to even more delays and cancellations. Passengers start missing their 【10】 flights, and that, along with passengers who can’t make it to the airport due to bad road conditions, leads to half-empty planes.
In fact, many airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits. So, in the end, you can still blame cold weather for cancelling your flight.
38、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文，续写的词数应为150左右。
Christmas was hanging around. Six-year-old David was thinking what presents he could get from Santa. He wanted slippers; he wanted a silk tie; he wanted some toys. And school starting soon, he also hoped to get something about schooling. In order to get Santa to know what he needed, he thought he would write a letter to Santa, which he believed would bring him those presents. He found a sheet and made list of the items on it, and then bent down to post the letter up the chimney, waiting for the winds to take it up.
David got up very early on the Christmas morning. He searched his room carefully, but to his disappointment, he didn’t find the presents he hoped for. Hadn’t Santa received the letter? Was he too busy to send him the gifts? Although feeling a little upset, David was convinced that Santa would not forget him and he was bound to receive the items.
Many years had passed and 2019 came. In an old house, young builder, Lewis Shaw was removing the fireplace with his colleagues when he suddenly found a small piece of paper, which was still in perfect condition even if it had turned yellow. He picked it up and unfolded it. It was a letter written to Santa. The touching hand-written note read:
Dear Father Christmas.
Please can you send me drum, box of chalks, slippers, silk tie, pencil box, any little toys you have to spare.
Love you,
David
It was then signed off with lots of kisses.
This was the very letter written by David and the house was where he had lived during his childhood! The letter struck Shaw so much. How simple Christmas once was! David didn’t ask for much, just the things he just needed. Nowadays kids always wanted expensive gifts and took it for granted.
Paragraph:
Shaw decided to find out the author of the letter. He shared a photo of the note on Facebook.
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Paragraph 2:
A great surprise was on the way. After a pleasant chat,
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39、假定你是李华，你的英国好友Jim计划去非洲做志愿者，但是他的父母以安全为由反对，他发来邮件讲述此事。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1．你对该计划的看法；2．你的建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
40、阅读下面材料。根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In 2000, when I was around seven years old, my parents, sister, brother, and I were coming back from a T-ball game. That was our usual weekend adventure, but unlike every other weekend, a surprise was waiting for us in our driveway. There, we spotted two adult geese and a baby goose. The adults were shocked by our return and flew away, but their baby was still too young to fly and couldn’t follow. We are no strangers to the ways of wildlife, so we knew to avoid physical contact with the baby goose out of fear that it would imprint upon us and be lost to its family forever.
Hours passed, and night fell. With it came a deep cold and a fear of watchful predators (捕食者).The tiny little thing was wandering around our yard, unaware of what could happen, and it was clear that the baby goose needed protection, warmth, and nutrients to make it to the morning. At that point. we knew we had to step in and brought him onto our back porch(门厅).
We all pretty much slept with one eye open till morning came. And then another morning. And still another. Each morning, we would try to send the goose over to his parents, who kept coming back to our yard. He wouldn't go to them, though, and they wouldn't come close enough to claim him. We kept this up for five days, but no luck. By then, the young goose had clearly decided we were his new family, so we had to give him a name-Peeper, because he would follow us around the yard making a peeping noise, nonstop.
Days turned into weeks, and weeks turned into months until almost a year passed. We settled into a routine filled with feathery hugs and friendship. Peeper slept on our back porch each night and my dad would clean the goose droppings in the morning. Part of the routine included dad throwing Peeper up into the air so he could fly a loop (圈）around the house, coming back again once the porch was clean.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One evening, my dad threw Peeper up in the air as usual, but this time, Peeper just flew off. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It came as a total shock to me when.in 2019, an aging adult goose made his way back to my family home. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
41、假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack热爱中国的传统文化，尤其对中国的茶文化感兴趣，听说你的家乡是著名的砖茶之乡，他想了解相关情况。请你给他写封电子邮件，告知有关信息。
内容包括：
1. 中国茶文化历史悠久，促进了人文交流和社会发展；
2. 介绍自己家乡的相关情况（如：羊楼洞盛产砖茶，是著名的茶马古道起点之一）；
3. 邀请他到中国亲身体验（以茶会友，听茶事，观茶艺，赏茶具，品好茶）。
注意：1. 词数120左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 参考词汇：羊楼洞Yang Loudong 茶马古道Great Tea Road 砖茶brick tea
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Yours,
Li Hua
邮箱： 