微信扫一扫
随时随地学习
随时随地学习
1、Penny jumped out of the way to avoid ________ by the ________ branch.
A．hitting; fallen
B．being hit; falling
C．to be hit; falling
D．having been hit; fallen
2、Judging from what he said, he must have witnessed the incident last week, ______?
A.hasn't he B.didn't he C.mustn't he D.wasn't he
3、Only under special circumstances ________to use the fire hose, otherwise they will be punished.
A. are people permitted
B. people are permitted
C. people permit
D. do people permit
4、There is a sign over there, saying no person ________ bring food and drinks into the reading room.
A．shall
B．should
C．will
D．must
5、Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if properly, may contribute to spreading diseases．
A．not handled B．not being handled
C．not to be handled D．not having been handled
6、While it wasn’t the goal of the trip, I was rewarded with fresh insights, ones that to me during the regular course of business.
A.might never happen B.could never have happened
C.should not happen D.needn’t have happened
7、 --- Cathy, in my opinion, is very __________.
--- Absolutely! She prefers home life to going out.
A. domestic B. energetic
C. dynamic D.enthusiastic
8、August always comes ________ we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers.
A. when B. before C. until D. if
9、It is announced that ______$20,000 reward will be offered for______ _return of the stolen sculpture．
A． a; the B． 不填; the
C． a; a D． 不填；a
考点：冠词
10、- Can those _______ at the back of the classroom hear me?
- No problem.
A.are sitting B.seating C.seated D.sat
11、--- Catherine, will you visit us this weekend?
--- I planned to, but something unexpected _____.
A. has come up B. was coming up
C. had come up D. would come up
12、In times of trouble, _______ our spirits are low, telling our worries and fears to friends eases the stress.
A. when B. where C. which D. that
13、________preparations from now on, she would be able to finish the essay on Sunday.
A.Would she make B.If she make
C.Were she to make D.If she had made
14、Julia，____ for months after job as an air waitress，finally took a position in a local tour agency.
A．hunting
B．hunted
C．having hunted
D．to hunt
15、The problem of the widening gap between the rich and the poor, if not properly ___________, can result in many serious problems.
A. being handled B. to handle
C. handled D. handling
16、Our teachers always tell us to believe in__________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
A．why
B．how
C．what
D．which
17、The scientist does not study nature ________ it is useful to do so. He studies it because he takes pleasure in it.
A． until B． though
C． because D． Unless
18、To the south of the school was a garden, _______ owner was seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose
C. which D. that
19、Though the number of Japanese army was _____ that of our Eighth Route Army, they lost the battle in that mountainous village．
A. as large twice as B. twice as large as
C. large as twice as D. as twice large as
20、Not until ________a third time ________that he had given birth to the reading system for the blind called Braille.
A．Louis Braille tried; he announced
B．did Louis Braille try; he announced
C．Louis Braille had tried; did he announce
D．had Louis Braille tried; had he announced
21、 Children exposed to “safe” levels of air pollution in the womb(子宫) develop brain damage that damages their concentration, a study has shown.
The research is the first too link common pollutants such as nitrogen(氮) dioxide and soot(油烟) to changes in the brains of unborn babies that mean they may struggle to focus at school in later life. The findings suggest that even comparatively clean city air could lead to worse academic performance and an increased risk of mental health problems such as addition or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(缺陷多动障碍).
In recent years scientists have found that children who grow up surrounded by air pollution are more likely to have a broad range of “neuro(神经)developmental” difficulties, including autism and various kinds of cognitive(认知) damage. However, only a handful of studies have looked at the ways in which the poisonous gases and microscopic particles(微粒) that mothers and young children take in affect the brain during critical stages of its growth.
A group led by Monica Guxens, of the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, found that exposure to air pollution before birth appeared to have slowed the development of several brain regions that play an important role in people's capacity for selfdenial and sustained effort. This lack of inhibition could in turn cause “cognitive delays” when the children get older, the scientists argue in Biological Psychiatry.
“We need this function in our daily life，” Dr. Guxens said. “It controls our impulses(冲动) and our selective attention. Children need it to learn and for making decisions in later life. We're interested to see what will happen: is there going to be an impact on their academic work, are there going to be clinical implications? It might be that this will lead to problems later.”
The results were drawn from MRI scans of 873 children between the ages of six and ten in Rotterdam. Even though 99.5 percent of their mothers had lived with nanoparticle pollution levels well below EU legal limits while they were pregnant the pollution still appeared to have taken its toll(伤亡人数).
Children who had been exposed to more pollution in the womb did worse on a test of their ability to block out irrelevant stimuli(刺激). They also had thinner outer layers in the precuneus(楔前叶) and the rostral middle frontal regions of their brains, both of which are involved in cognitive inhibition, which refers to the mind's ability to tune out stimuli that are irrelevant to the task at hand or to the mind's current state.
Experiments on animals show that socalled fine particles are able to pass through the placenta and affect the brain of the fetus(胎儿). Dr Guxens said there were probably no such thing as a safe concentration of air pollution.
【1】What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Children's brain growth slowed by “safe” pollution.
B.The safe level of air pollution for pregnant women.
C.Factors leading to children's poor academic performance.
D.The problems children have when surrounded by pollution.
【2】What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to?
A.Academic work. B.The lack of inhibition.
C.Selective attention. D.The ability for selfdial and sustained effort.
【3】From the last three paragraphs we can infer ________．
A.air pollution has claimed many lives of kids
B.people can't focus on air pollution enough
C.the majority of pregnant women are free from air pollution
D.kids exposed to more pollution have poorer cognitive inhibition
22、One of the ocean’s noisiest creatures is smaller than you’d expect-snapping shrimp (鼓虾). They create a widespread background noise in the underwater environment, which helps them communicate, defend territories and hunt for food. When enough shrimp snap (发出劈啪声) at once, the noise can dominate the soundscape of coastal waters.
Aran Mooney, a biologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, suggested that with increased ocean temperatures, snapping shrimp will snap more often and louder than before. This could raise the background noise of the global ocean. “They make a sound by closing a claw so fast. This makes a bubble (泡泡) and when that bubble explodes, it makes that snapping sound,” said Mooney.
Mooney detected a strong relationship between warmer waters and deafening, more frequent snapping shrimp sounds after experimenting with the shrimp in tanks in the lab and by listening to the shrimp in the ocean at various water temperatures. “As the temperature rises, the snap rate increases,” he said. This makes sense because shrimp are essentially cold-blooded animals, meaning their body temperature and activity levels are largely controlled by their living environment. “We can actually show in the field that not only do snap rates increase, but the sound levels increase as well.”
How the louder snapping shrimp would bother or benefit the surroundings remained to be seen. “We know that fish use sound to communicate,” Mooney said. “If the environment gets noisy, it has the potential to influence that communication. That’s something we have to follow up on.” There is also the possibility that the change of snapping shrimp disturbs instruments humans use to detect mines, which could have implications for national defense.
【1】What can we know about the snapping shrimp’s sound?
A．It has multiple uses.
B．It is vital to the ecosystem.
C．It is hard to be detected.
D．It aims to protect the shrimp.
【2】How does Mooney reach the conclusion?
A．By observing snapping shrimp in the field.
B．By recording the snap rates in the lab.
C．By analyzing the way shrimp make noise.
D．By comparing shrimp’s sound in different places.
【3】What might Mooney research next?
A．Applications of shrimp’s sound.
B．Impacts of the noise on other creatures.
C．Means of communication among fish.
D．Methods of preventing shrimp’s snapping.
【4】Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A．Underwater World Is No Longer Quiet
B．Small Animals Make a Big Difference
C．Warming Oceans Are Getting Louder
D．Snapping Shrimp’s Noise Speaks Much
23、In the struggle to survive the ever hotter deserts of California, there are winners and losers. Among the losers are desert birds, whose populations have fallen among the heat stress of climate change. The winners, it turns out, are small burrowing mammals（穴居哺乳动物）, which take refuge from the sun underground. Researchers noted that the stable mammals populations formed a striking contrast to the extremely bad condition of birds.
But why? Birds had a higher evaporative（蒸发）heat loss. Birds were more exposed to the effects of warming, so they had higher energy costs to maintain their body temperature. However, mammals were able to reduce their body temperature by using burrows during the day.
Temperatures have risen about 4 degrees Fahrenheit on average across the area studied, but the heat affects birds and small mammals differently. As part of the study, scientists modeled each species' body temperature and cooling needs under different desert conditions. To calculate that, they measured the conductivity（传导率）of the animals' fur or feathers, and used information on their heat reducing behaviors.
The models showed that in the fight against climate change, there was not a level playing field for furred and feathered desert animals. Cooling costs—or the resources needed to maintain stable body temperature—were about 3. 3 times higher for birds than they were for small mammals, the study reported.
Small mammals have shown this remarkable stability. It's really quite interesting that, in the same region, with the same level of climate change, these two species have responded very differently to the changes taking place. Insights into the status of different species can help scientists take steps to protect them, such as increasing fire prevention in high desert areas, and enhancing water sources in those areas. The study also demonstrates that climate change is already reshaping the California desert
【1】Why can desert burrowing mammals survive better than desert birds?
A．Burrowing mammals prefer to live in deserts.
B．Burrowing mammals eat less during the day.
C．Burrowing mammals' caves are natural shelters.
D．Burrowing mammals live in the same community.
【2】What can we learn from the third paragraph?
A．Birds and small mammals respond differently to climate changes.
B．Birds in the desert were defeated by climate changes.
C．Animals living underground have higher cooling costs.
D．Temperature rise affects the burrowing mammals little.
【3】What is the possible meaning of the new finding?
A．Burrowing mammals may help birds during the day.
B．Governments will improve water quality.
C．Man will reshape the deserts to save themselves.
D．Scientists can save species with scientific means.
【4】What do we know from the text?
A．It's time to change the deserts into green fields.
B．Desert birds are more likely to survive in deserts.
C．Burrowing mammals' habitat needs improving greatly.
D．Burrowing mammals survive climate change underground.
24、As Artificial Intelligence（AI） becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.
Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.
For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.
Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.
It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.
Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.
The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）.
One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.
If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.
The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.
【1】What does the author say about the threat of robots?
A. It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers.
B. It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.
C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.
D. It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.
【2】What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?
A. They are aggressive. B. They are outgoing.
C. They are ignorant. D. They are ill-bred.
【3】How do robots learn human values?
A. By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.
B. By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.
C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.
D. By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.
【4】What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?
A. keep a distance from possible dangers.
B. Stop to seek advice from a human being.
C. Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.
D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.
【5】What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?
A. Determine what is moral and ethical.
B. Design some large-scale experiments.
C. Set rules for man-machine interaction.
D. Develop a more sophisticated program.
25、The ambulance driver, Mr. Goodman, turned on his siren and flashing light, and started speeding towards the nearest hospital, fighting ______ time. Inside were the ______ parents, Mr. and Mrs. Black, the mother holding their baby daughter, Marley. The little girl had some food ______ in her throat and could hardly breathe. The ______ ahead of him pulled out of the way ______ Mr. Goodman drove through the busy traffic. From the back of the ambulance the parents were shouting at him to hurry, since Marley had almost stopped breathing. In front of him, he saw some traffic lights, with the red “STOP” light shining. Mr. Goodman knew that he had no time to ______, so he drove straight past the traffic lights.
Coming towards him from his right was a taxi. The driver had the windows ______, since the car was air-conditioned, and he was playing his radio. He did not hear the ambulance. The lights were green, so he drove straight on into the part of the ambulance.
Mr. Goodman tried to stop his ambulance but it was too ______. It hit the taxi. ______ was shaken but no one was hurt. Mr. Goodman looked to see how little Mariey was. He was astonished to see relief instead of ______ on the faces of the parents.
“Look!” cried Mrs. Black. “She is ______ again.
“It ______ have been the crash,” said her husband. “It ______ the food out of her throat.”
The baby’s color was turning to ______, and she was crying in loud but healthy voice. They were all joyful, and quite ______ about the accident, the taxi and the lines of cars all around them.
【1】
A．against
B．on
C．for
D．to
【2】
A．worried
B．angry
C．young
D．surprised
【3】
A．stayed
B．stuck
C．eaten
D．wounded
【4】
A．people
B．drivers
C．cars
D．parents
【5】
A．that
B．as
C．if
D．where
【6】
A．take
B．spare
C．spend
D．lose
【7】
A．open
B．clean
C．up
D．down
【8】
A．dangerous
B．late
C．careless
D．quick
【9】
A．The driver
B．Someone
C．No one
D．Everyone
【10】
A．pleasure
B．anger
C．fear
D．surprise
【11】
A．crying
B．breathing
C．smiling
D．speaking
【12】
A．may
B．can
C．should
D．must
【13】
A．took
B．picked
C．knocked
D．made
【14】
A．common
B．normal
C．usual
D．ordinary
【15】
A．regretted
B．worried
C．panicked
D．forgot
26、假定你是李华，你和你的同学决定要在紧张的学习之余，为高三生活拍摄英文纪录片。请你给外教Miss Evans写封邮件，请她帮忙指导，内容包括：
1.告知拍摄的具体计划与内容；
2.请她编写英文字幕；
3.询问对拍摄的建议。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已为你写好。
参考词汇：字幕subtitle；纪录片documentary
邮箱： 