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1、Even more widespread _______ the copying of music and the pirating of software, especially with the development of new computer programs.
A. is B. does C. are D. do
2、Word came that free souvenirs would be given to ________ comes first.
A．whomever
B．whichever
C．whatever
D．whoever
3、If there were no cellphones, life ________ quite different because we depend too much on them.
A. will be B. would be C. is D. were
4、Don’t be ____to your fate, and don’t feel guilty for standing up for what’s important to you.
A.addicted B.attached C.resigned D.applied
5、Though some bodies and the wreck of the missing plane QZ8501 have been confirmed, the Indonesian authorities are _____ to make public the detailed information of the passengers aboard.
A．relative B．remarkable C．relevant D．reluctant
6、The entertainment park________by the end of 2023 will attract visitors at home and abroad.
A．accomplished
B．being accomplished
C．to be accomplished
D．having been accomplished
7、The writer conveyed a positive attitude through his works.______, his readers are motivated and are themselves becoming a source of motivation for others.
A. On the whole B. In the meanwhile
C. In the way D. On the contrary
8、Have you asked him ____he is going to the party tonight with us?
A.which B.whether C.what D.that
9、Hardly had I stored all the data from the surveys_____the light in the office went out.
A．when
B．than
C．if
D．that
10、Words failed me when I heard the news of the New Year‘s Eve stampede in Shanghai． But for lacking a sense of safety, so many people __________ killed or injured．
A． couldn‘t be B． wouldn‘t have been
C． mustn‘t have been D． shouldn‘t be
11、Due to the unreasonable individual income _______, the gap between the rich and poor has become an outstanding issue．
A．contribution B．association
C．accommodation D．Distribution
12、The old man turned his business over to his younger son, ________made his elder son discouraged.
A. who B. what
C. that D. which
13、---It’s so cold outside. ________ I fetch you a coat, Grandma?
---Yes.Thanks a lot. You are always so considerate, dear.
A. Can B.Shall C.May D. Will
14、—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 year.
—Right, he will also get paid by week.
A. the; the B. a; the
C. the; a D. a; a
15、________ you have to wait for something, the more you will appreciate its final arrival.
A．The long
B．The longer
C．The longest
D．The length
16、The USA shows great concern _______ human rights of all other countries, which is a laughing stock, _______ the many cases of blacks being maltreated in their own country.
A．about ; of B．to; relating to
C．for; concerning D．with; including
17、Evidence of a powerful volcano, which erupted under the ice sheet of West Antarctica around 325BC and might still be active now, __________ so far by British scientists.
A．confirmed
B．has confirmed
C．is confirmed
D．has been confirmed
18、Students are required to go out in couples, especially in the evenings, with friends ______ they get into trouble.
A．even if
B．if only
C．in case
D．when
19、— Do you know Russian?
— Yes, I ________ it for two years when I lived in Harbin.
A．had been learning
B．have learned
C．was learning
D．learned
20、Before joining NBA, Michael Jordan was so ordinary a person that he was even ________ from the high school basketball team for lack of skill.
A．removed
B．replaced
C．recovered
D．recalled
21、Recent studies suggest global food production is responsible for one-third of all planet-heating emissions, with the use of animals for meat accounting for twice the pollution of producing plant based foods. Forests that absorb carbon dioxide are cut down for raising animals while fertilisers used for growing their feed are rich in nitrogen (氮), which can contribute to air and water pollution, climate change and ozone depletion (臭氧损耗). Livestock also produces large quantities of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas.
A Dutch city will become the first in the world to ban meat advertisements from public spaces in an effort to reduce consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
Haarlem, which lies to the west of Amsterdam and has a population of about 160,000, will pass the prohibition from 2024 after meat was added to a list of products thought to contribute to the climate crisis. Ads will not be allowed on Haarlem’s buses, shelters and screens in public spaces, prompting the complaint from the meat sector that local authority is “going too far in telling people what’s best for them”.
Ziggy Klazes, who drafted the proposal banning meat advertising, said she had not known the city would be the world’s first to enforce such a policy when she proposed it. She told a radio channel: “We do not prohibit what people are baking and roasting in their own kitchen; if people wanted to continue eating meat, fine... We can’t tell people there’s a climate crisis and encourage them to buy products that are part of the cause.”
The ban also covers holiday flights, fossil fuels and cars that run on fossil fuels. The ban is delayed until 2024 due to existing contracts with companies that sell the products. Research suggests that to meet the EU target of net zero emissions by 2050, meat consumption must be reduced to 24kg per person per year, compared with the current average of 82kg.
【1】Why does Haarlem intend to ban meat advertisements?
A．To take the lead in cutting emission.
B．To switch food to plant-based food.
C．To stop advocating eating meat publicly.
D．To contribute to the climate crisis.
【2】What does the phrase underlined in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．The government have taken too much control of people.
B．The local authority is wrong about the best meat.
C．Meat sector complains for harming their interests.
D．Climate crisis has gone too far to be left untreated.
【3】What is Ziggy Klazes’s attitude to eating meat?
A．Uncaring.
B．Opposing.
C．Guilty.
D．Understanding.
【4】What can be inferred about the ban?
A．It won’t benefits the EU market.
B．It has a long way to go.
C．It is a short-sighted decision.
D．It can hardly meet the target.
22、National Bird Day
National Bird Day is a holiday which has been celebrated on January 5th. The purpose of this holiday is to bring attention to the situation of our friends—birds. This holiday is also a good day to appreciate the beauty and the diversity of these creatures.
However, National Bird Day shouldn't be confused with Bird Day—one of the oldest bird holidays. Bird Day is a holiday that is celebrated annually in the United States on May 4th since the late 19th century.
History
National Bird Day is a holiday which has been celebrated for over a decade now. Bird Day, on the other hand, goes back a lot further. According to the Library of Congress, Bird Day was established by Charles Almanzo Babcock in 1894.
Facts About Birds
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, there are almost 10,000 different species of birds. But almost 900 of them are on the verge of extinction(濒临灭绝).
Customs, Traditions, and Celebrations
National Bird Day can be celebrated in many different ways. Participants can watch birds, and they can take part in one of the activities for the protection of birds. In schools across the US, children often are given the task of researching into birds on this day or drawing a nice picture of birds for the classroom.
【1】What can we learn about National Bird Day?
A．It is celebrated earlier than Bird Day every year.
B．It is celebrated all over the world.
C．It is one of the oldest bird holidays.
D．It is set up earlier than Bird Day.
【2】How many species of birds are dying out?
A．0.8%.
B．0.9%.
C．8%.
D．9%.
【3】What do American children usually do National Bird Day?
A．Buy some birds.
B．Feed some birds.
C．Study some birds.
D．Set some birds free.
23、Last night, on my way home I stopped because of being attracted by some hamburgers at a fast food restaurant. On my way in, a homeless man approached me and asked, “Do you have any bottles lying around?” I knew he would recycle them for a few cents, but I didn’t have any, so I said no. And again he asked, “Can you spare some change ?” I smiled, and said no again. He was very respectful; he smiled back and said, “OK, thank you.” Even though he didn’t have anything, he was still in good spirits. From the way he spoke I could tell he was smart.
Then I bought one hamburger and enjoyed my meal, but in the back of my mind I wondered whether the homeless man was hungry. After I finished my meal I decided to order another one for him. At this point I didn’t know if he was still around, but I tried anyway.
At the counter I ordered a hamburger and also a hot chocolate, because it was cold outside, and I thought it would help warm him up. They delivered me the hot chocolate first and as I waited for my hamburger, I noticed the homeless man was standing right beside me. I looked at him and smiled, “This hot chocolate is for you.” He replied like a gentleman, “Thank you so much. That’s very kind of you.”
I always believe no matter how____I am, there are always those who are worse off than I. When you help someone, it’s not always about money, it’s about love. The love you give today, someone might forget tomorrow. It doesn’t matter. Love anyway, because the greatest thing you can give is love.
【1】What does the underlined phrase mean according to the passage?
A. Rich in money. B. Short in money.
C. Generous. D. Selfish.
【2】We can learn from the first two paragraphs that the author _____.
A. was angry with the homeless man
B. was an old friend of the homeless man
C. decided to help the homeless man after his meal
D. finished his meal quickly to help the homeless man
【3】We can infer from the text that the homeless man was _____.
A. old and sick B. polite and friendly
C. sad and nervous D. calm and confident
【4】The author wants to tell us that _____.
A. love cannot be forced
B. money cannot buy everything
C. there is always someone that we can help
D. we shouldn’t forget those who once helped us
24、Dogs are capable of understanding the emotions behind an expression on a human face. The study is the latest to reveal just how connected dogs are with people. The research also provides evidence that dogs use different parts of their brains to process human emotions. By living in close contact with humans, dogs have developed specific skills that enable them to interact and communicate efficiently with people. Recent studies have shown that the dogs’ brain can pick up on emotional clues contained in a person’s voice, body smell and posture,and read their faces.
In this study,the authors watched what happened when they presented photographs of the same two adults’ faces(a man and a woman) to 26 feeding dogs. The images were placed strategically to the sides of the animals’ line of sight and the photos showed a human face ex-pressing one of the six basic human emotions: anger,fear,happiness,sadness,surprise,dis-gust or being neutral.
The dogs showed greater response and cardiac(心脏的)activity when shown photo-graphs that expressed arousing emotional states such as anger, fear and happiness. They also took longer to resume feeding after seeing these images. The dogs’ increased heart rate indicated that in these cases they experienced higher levels of stress.
In addition,dogs tended to turn their heads to the left when they saw human faces ex-pressing anger,fear or happiness. The reverse happened when the faces looked surprised, possibly because dogs view it as a non-threatening, relaxed expression.“Clearly arousing, negative emotions seem to be processed by the right side of a dog’s brain,and more positive emotions by the left side,”says Siniscalchi.
The results support that of other studies done on dogs and other mammals. These show that the right side of the brain plays a more important part in regulating the sympathetic out-flow to the heart. This is a fundamental organ for the control of the “fight or flight”Behavioral response necessary for survival.
【1】What does the new research show?
A．People’s emotions are exactly revealed in dogs’ brains.
B．Dog’s brains are highly affected by people’s emotions.
C．Dogs own the natural ability to understand people’s emotions.
D．Dogs treat human emotions with different sides of their brains.
【2】How do dogs form the skills to interact with people?
A．By following certain orders.
B．By being treated by their owners.
C．By being closely connected with people.
D．By recognizing different faces on pictures.
【3】Which can best replace the underlined word“reverse”in paragraph 4?
A．opposite
B．nervous
C．rewarding
D．similar
【4】What may be a suitable title for the text?
A．Dogs are living in close contact with people
B．Dogs understand what’s written all over your face
C．Dogs’ heart rate increases when experiencing stress
D．Negative emotions affect dogs’ returning to feeding
25、 Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion ofthe cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about filmswe've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple_______.
Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we _______ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out——and why; how to deal with difficult_______ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.
So why are wekeen on gossiping? Are we just natural _______, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the reallyimportant issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor RobinDunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really_______issues.
Dunbar _______the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities moreeffectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar —_______, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.
Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _______ of the higher primates likemonkeys. By means of grooming——cleaning the fur by brushing it,monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support inthe event of some kind of conflict within the group or_______ from outside it.
As we humanbeings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __________that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __________ it provided; on theother hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close toothers. Grooming helped to __________ the pressure and calm everybody down.
But as thegroups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __________ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __________kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would bepossible by one-to-one __________ contact.
【1】A.claim B.description C.gossip D.language
【2】A.occasionally B.habitually C.independently D.originally
【3】A.social B.political C.historical D.cultural
【4】A.admirers B.masters C.users D.wasters
【5】A.vital B.sensitive C.ideal D.difficult
【6】A.confirms B.rejects C.outlines D.broadens
【7】A.for instance B.in addition C.on the contrary D.as a result
【8】A.motivation B.appearance C.emotion D.behavior
【9】A.attack B.contact C.inspection D.assistance
【10】A.recalls B.denies C.concludes D.confesses
【11】A.prospect B.responsibility C.leadership D.protection
【12】A.measure B.show C.maintain D.ease
【13】A.saved B.extended C.consumed D.gained
【14】A.common B.efficient C.scientific D.thoughtful
【15】A.indirect B.daily C.physical D.secret
26、Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Tai Chi Can Reduce Falls in Old People
Old people who took part in a structured programme of Tai Chi found that their balance and physical strength improved, reducing the risk of falls, according to a paper in the latest Journal of Advanced Nursing.
Researchers studied a group of fall-prone (易摔跤的) adults, with an average age of 78, living in residential care. 29 people undertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme and the other 30 formed the non-exercise control group. The exercise programme consisted of 10 minutes of warming-up exercises, 20 minutes of Sun-style Tai Chi movement and 5 minutes of cooling down exercises. During the exercise, traditional instrumental music was used. It helped the group maintain slow and continuous movements and provide a comforting effect.
Both groups underwent a series of tests before and after the 12-week exercise programme. They measured their muscle strength, balance and confidence in avoiding falls. Researchers analyzed the data and compared them with those of the non-exercise control group. They found that the physical fitness of the exercise group showed significant improvement, with stronger knee and ankle muscles, improved flexibility and better balance.
Tai Chi, an ancient Chinese martial art (武术), consists of a series of slow, gentle, continuous movements. It is particularly suitable for old people as it helps them to develop stronger muscles and better balance and concentration. “Our study shows that low-intensity exercise such as Tai Chi has great potential for health promotion. It can help old people to avoid falls by developing their balance, muscle strength and confidence,” says Professor Song. “We believe that regular exercise should be a fundamental part of caring for old people living both in the community and in residential care.”
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