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1、“Never for a second,” the boy said, “ ________ my father would come to my rescue.”
A.I doubted that B.do I doubt whether
C.did I doubted if D.did I doubt that
2、----I just can’t help worrying about the result of my driving license test.
---- . You can do nothing but wait.
A. Just relax B. Have fun
C. Watch out D. Take your time
3、Not only _____ effective in reducing fever and helping stop pain. but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.
A.aspirin has proved B.aspirin proved C.has aspirin proved D.did aspirin prove
4、The old man could buy nothing ______ .
A. with his money to steal B. with his money having stolen
C. with his money stealing D. with his money stolen
5、Netflix acquired the rights to the masterpiece “One Hundred Years of Solitude”, which marks the first time that writer’s family _______ the piece to be adapted for the screen.
A．has allowed
B．will have allowed
C．had allowed
D．allowed
6、Learning a foreign language is not easy， and it comes to speaking， it can be more difficult．
A.when B.unless C.once D.while
7、The discovery of new evidence led to ______________.
A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caught
C. catch the thief D. the thief being caught
8、—Do you think attending training courses is a great help when you look for a new job?
—Well, it all depends. Besides, it gives me ________ a chance to try.
A. more than B. more of
C. less than D. more or less
9、We are trying to come to a(n)_______about who should pay the legal fee.
A. situation B. expectation
C. contribution D. arrangement
10、He told us the news ___ our team had won the match .
A.which B.that C.why D.when
11、Previous problems or bad experiences with test-taking can be an invitation _____ a worse performance in the next test.
A. with B. in C. beyond D. to
12、It remains________whether herd immunity that most of the Europeans countries have taken in response to the epidemic works.
A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.being seen
13、Tom assured (向……保证) his boss that he would _____ all his energies in doing this new job.
A. call forth B. call at
C. call by D. call off
14、The outbreak of the coronavirus globally has led to over thousands of people_____to hospital for treatment, _____ the world to be in deep sorrow.
A．sending; causing
B．sent； having caused
C．being sent; causing
D．to send; to cause
15、Have you bought the same book________ I referred to yesterday?
A.when B.which C.where D.as
16、It will not _____your notice that there have been some major changes in the company .
A. equip B. escape
C. enclose D. endanger
17、He speaks English well indeed, but of course not ________ as a native speaker.
A. as fluent B. more fluent C. so fluently D. much fluently
18、The restaurant ____ us 1000 yuan for the wine which is worth one tenth in a grocery store.
A. accused B. paid C. charged D. asked
19、Lily, though too young to go to school, _________ easily recite 2000 poems.
A.must B.can C.need D.should
20、The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, means that half theworld’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
A.which B.that C.it D.what
21、The Jiangsu TV station is very popular with many people in China, as it deals with ______ subjects such as music, entertainment and fashion.
A.precise B.diverse C.casual D.efficient
22、Kathy _________ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.
A.picked up B.took up
C.made up D.turned up
23、Fanny asked ________ made that odd looking little cat so popular.
A．what was it that
B．what was that
C．what it was that
D．what that was
24、It's said that our mental abilities begin to _______ from the age 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.
A.differ B.depress C.distribute D.decline
25、—Can I help you, sir？
—Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it________.
A.didn’t work B.won’t work
C.can’t work D.doesn’t work
26、 A build-it-yourself solar still (蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5’5’ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone (圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.
【1】What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?
A. It’s expensive. B. It’s delicate.
C. It’s complex. D. It’s portable.
【2】What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The tube. B. The hole.
C. The still. D. The cup.
【3】What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?
A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Weight the sheet’s center down.
C. Put the cup in place. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
【4】When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from ________.
A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole
C. the open air D. beneath the sheet
27、 For high school leavers starting out in the working world, it is very important to learn particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship(实习). In some countries, schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the United States, however, such programs are still few and far between.
Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses, students are likely to get higher earnings in later years. In Germany, students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships. German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment.
But in America, education reform (改革) programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education school professor Robert Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country’s most vulnerable(易受影响的) kids with no jobs and no skills.
Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teaching them valuable practical skills at high school. James Madison High School in New York, for example, encourages students to choose classes on career-based courses. The school then helps them gain on-the-job experience in those fields while they’re still at high school.
However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work, the job market is daunting. In the US, unemployment rates for 16-to 19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row. “The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the summer job experience, they become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job,” said Michael, a researcher in the US.
【1】What’s the main idea of the text?
A.Arguments about recent US education reform.
B.Tips on finding jobs for high school leavers.
C.The lack of career-based courses in US high schools.
D.Advice for American high school leavers.
【2】According to Robert Schwartz, _________.
A.there is no need for kids to go for higher education in the US
B.teenagers in the US can’t miss out on the summer job experience
C.education reform should focus on students’ performance in exams
D.students should get contact with the working world at high school
【3】The underlined word “daunting” in Paragraph 5 most probably means __________.
A.discouraging B.interesting
C.creative D.unbearable
【4】What can be inferred from the text?
A.High school leavers with no practical skills can’t find a job at all.
B.Unemployment rates for US teenagers remain high at the moment.
C.Students with career-based courses never have problems finding a job.
D.US companies work with schools to prepare young people for future employment.
28、 Language learning apps are very popular now and offer opportunities to learn vocabulary and practice grammar. But there has been a discussion about just how effective such apps can be.
Among the most popular apps are Duolingo and Busuu. A previous research found positive results on the use of them. But it mainly concentrates on studies with learners who had signed up for language courses and these apps worked as an after-class support, so the results were not always reliable. A recent study of 4,095 Busuu users has been carried out to find out if users can actually learn a language with an app.
Busuu provides learning materials for 12 different languages. It offers special models where some contents are available for free while some contents are not, We find that its users are an even mix of men and women. More than half consider themselves to be at the beginner level as there is a decrease in users as their language levels go up. Most people use the app because of personal interest, or because they want to study or live abroad. Females tend to use it less often but for longer periods of time than male users.
Getting any feedback on Busuu depends on whether your answer is correct or not. While it is helpful, this is not the sort of feedback language teachers prefer, as it does not explain why the answer is right or wrong. In spite of this, feedback in the app is very highly rated.
More than 92% of the people state that the app has met their expectations and 86% consider the app as very good or good. In fact, more than 80% of the users surveyed strongly agree that using the app has helped them improve their knowledge of the language they are learning.
Besides, language learning apps also create an environment where mistakes are only known to the users, and this can address the performance anxiety that many learners suffer from when asked to speak a foreign language. So language teachers should encourage their students to use them to do the grammar work, leaving precious class time for more language communication.
【1】Why weren’t the results of the former research always dependable?
A.Because it used out-of-date methods.
B.Because it just focused on positive results.
C.Because it was only carried out before class.
D.Because it only considered users of a limited type.
【2】What can we learn about the app Busuu from the text?
A.All the contents are free to use. B.It’s used by more advanced learners.
C.Most users consider it satisfying. D.It’s more popular with female learners.
【3】Which of the following can probably replace the underlined word address?
A.Deal with. B.Write down. C.Turn to. D.Speak of.
【4】What is the main idea of the text?
A.Students won’t suffer anxiety in learning languages by using Busuu.
B.Language learning apps are effective and satisfactory to language learners.
C.Language learning apps are very popular with most language teachers.
D.Students should be required to use apps for homework after class.
29、Movies Recommended for May
Avengers: Endgame (IMAX 3D)
Release Date: April 26., 20l9(American) Run time:182 mins
Genres: Action| Adventure | Sci-Fi | Fantasy
After the damage events of Avengers: Infinity War (2018), the universe is ruins. With the help of remaining allies (盟友), the Avengers gather once more in order to destroy Thano's actions and restore order to the universe.
Tickets: Adult: $17.00 Child: $14.00 Senior: $14.00
Shadow (CD)
Release Date: May 5, 20l9(America) Run time: l16mins
Genres: Action| Adventure
During China's Three Kingdom era (AD 220-280), in Pei, a kingdom ruled by a young and unpredictable king faces danger both inside and outside. But the king has a secret weapon: a “shadow”, who can fool both Pei's enemies and the King himself.
Ticket Adult: $12.00 Child: $6.00 Senior: $7.00
Dunbe (IMAX 3D)
Release Date: March 29, 20l9 (America) Run time: l13mins
Genres: Adventure | Family | Fantasy
Dumbo, a young elephant, whose over-sided ears enable him to fly, helps save a struggling circus, but when the circus plans a new adventure, Dumbo and his friends discover some dark Secrets.
Tickets: Adult: $16.00 Child: $12.00 Senior: $13.00
Pokémon Detective Pikachu (Real D 3D)
Release Date: May 10, 2019 (America) Run time: l04mins
Genres: Action |Adventure |Comedy |Family
Tim tries to figure out the strange death of his father, a police detective, with the help of his dad's former partner, a yellow Pokémon creature (Pocket Monster) named Pikachu. But they discover a shocking plot that could destroy the whole Pakteon universe.
Tickets: Adult: $17.00 Child: $14.00 Senior: $14.00
【1】What would you recommend to a man who is interested in ancient stories?
A.Avengers: Endgame B.Shadow
C.Dumbo D.Pokémon Detective Pikachu
【2】How much should a 72-year-old man with his 9-year-old grandson pay for Dumbo?
A.25 dollars B.28 dollars C.20 dollars D.31 dollars
【3】What do the four movies have in common?
A.They are all 3D movies. B.They all feature adventure.
C.They are all released in May. D.They all last less than two hours.
30、 Hawthorne worked as a clerk in a small company. He suffered a heavy _______ when he lost his job．His boss had spoken _______, “Your services are no longer needed．” Hawthorne left the building filled with despair．By the time he reached home, he was in deep _______．When he entered his house, he blurted out(脱口而出) to his wife Sophia, “I lost my job．I am a complete _______．” A tense silence followed．_______ a smile crept across Sophia's _______． “What great news!” she responded, “Now you can write the book you have always wanted to write．”
“But I have no job and no prospect of a job,” he _______, completely without hope．“If I _______ to be an author, then what will we _______? Where will the money come from?”
Sophia took her husband by the hand and ________ him to the kitchen．Opening a drawer, she took out a box that was full of ________．“Where on earth did you get this?” Hawthorne asked．“To whom does it ________?”
“It's ours!” Sophia replied．"I always knew that one day you would become a great writer ________ you were given the chance．From the money you gave me for housekeeping every week, I have ________ as much as I could ________ you would have your chance．Now there is enough to ________ us a whole year．”
What a(n) ________! What a wife! The ________ husband did concentrate on writing that year, and the novel he wrote became a literary masterpiece．The book is The Scarlet Letter．Sophia had an even greater ________, -- she turned Nathaniel Hawthorne from a poor clerk into a world famous ________．
【1】A.headache B.blow C.disease D.affection
【2】A.rudely B.ambiguously C.patiently D.hesitantly
【3】A.thrill B.trouble C.relief D.sadness
【4】A.danger B.fool C.failure D.glory
【5】A.Instead B.Then C.Again D.Thus
【6】A.mind B.skin C.head D.face
【7】A.withdrew B.objected C.nodded D.laughed
【8】A.refuse B.afford C.deserve D.struggle
【9】A.live on B.stick to C.go over D.pay off
【10】A.invited B.persuaded C.led D.advised
【11】A.dust B.cash C.wonder D.treasure
【12】A.owe B.give C.go D.belong
【13】A.in case B.so that C.as long as D.even though
【14】A.saved B.consumed C.collected D.donated
【15】A.so B.but C.or D.yet
【16】A.provide B.present C.last D.contribute
【17】A.situation B.opportunity C.dilemma D.encouragement
【18】A.unemployed B.adventurous C.professional D.energetic
【19】A.importance B.achievement C.consequence D.status
【20】A.millionaire B.professor C.master D.administrator
31、 How important is it to offer our love, especially to those who are closest to us, with no strings attached? The_______of the expression 'no strings attached' may go back to ancient times when_________were written on parchment(羊皮纸) that was rolled up and_________with a string.
An unknown author beautifully_______the no-strings-attached love in this heartfelt story titled The Rock.
As she grew older her teenage daughter became increasingly rebellious(叛逆的). It was late one night when the police_________her daughter for drunk driving. She had to go to the police station to_________her daughter up.
They didn't_______until the next afternoon. She broke the_________by giving her daughter a small gift-wrapped box. Her daughter_______opened it and found a little________inside.
Her daughter rolled her__________upwards and said. 'Cute, Mom, what’s this for? '
'Read the card, ' she________.
Her daughter took the card out of the envelope in the box and__________it. Tears started to trickle down her daughter’s cheeks. Her daughter got up and hugged her as the__________fell to the floor.
________the card were these words: ' This rock is more than 200,000,000 years old. That is how long it will take before I__________you. '
This mother is not saying, 'I will love you________…' Instead she says that she will love her daughter forever and nothing can change that. No__________attached.
When we learn to__________like that, I think we'll understand the words of Emmet Fox, who said, 'If you could only love enough, you could be the most__________person in the world. '
【1】A.meaning B.origin C.influence D.change
【2】A.numbers B.names C.documents D.diaries
【3】A.secured B.covered C.commented D.hidden
【4】A.publishes B.proves C.analyses D.describes
【5】A.blamed B.charged C.arrested D.challenged
【6】A.pick B.bring C.take D.send
【7】A.speak B.arrive C.work D.rest
【8】A.promise B.law C.heart D.tension
【9】A.eagerly B.casually C.immediately D.secretly
【10】A.toy B.ring C.pen D.rock
【11】A.legs B.eyes C.hands D.shoulders
【12】A.constructed B.instructed C.reviewed D.analyzed
【13】A.wrote B.opened C.read D.enjoyed
【14】A.parchment B.gift C.letter D.card
【15】A.On B.With C.For D.At
【16】A.look forward to B.pay attention to C.give up on D.take care of
【17】A.though B.until C.because D.if
【18】A.strings B.words C.warnings D.threats
【19】A.teach B.love C.think D.support
【20】A.poor B.courageous C.powerful D.honest
32、 Realizing that our family cat, Misty, had disappeared was a______experience for me. We had recently moved into a home in a new suburb and on a far______road with cars coming and going. I had kept Misty locked up in the house for recommended two weeks.______, with everyone busy and excited for a new life, she disappeared not long after. We______for her everywhere. We tried our neighbor,______the railway track running along the back of our property and returned to our old house. We______looked for her whenever we went out, hoping to find a(n)______little cat hiding behind a tree or something.
It was several weeks______Misty turned up. She must have tried to find her way back to our_______home after all and then, when she didn’t find us, decided to return.______and untidy, she let us make a big fuss over her.______was slow but eventually she looked plump and healthy once more. Yet Misty still wasn’t content. A nervous cat______, she was as unsettled as she had been. But with so many other problems______on my shoulders at the time, I wasn’t sure what to do about it.
One morning we woke up to find that Misty was______again. After a quick search, my son found her body near our house, wrapped in an expensive sports jacket and left______on the side of the road. There was a______pinned to the jacket, expressing how very sorry the driver was that he didn’t see her, and how he didn’t have a chance to stop as she dashed out in front of him. I cried______because of the unknown driver’s kindness, and also because I felt that I had let Misty down.
We______Misty in our backyard. It helped me a lot to know that she had been______, when so many animals killed on the road aren’t. The consideration of the stranger who had______to stop, wrap her up in his own clothing and write that heartfelt note in the early hours of the morning will always be remembered.
【1】A.curious B.sad C.happy D.delightful
【2】A.busier B.emptier C.wider D.easier
【3】A.However B.Therefore C.Thus D.Since
【4】A.cared B.paid C.searched D.headed
【5】A.looked B.checked C.watched D.approached
【6】A.constantly B.occasionally C.hardly D.regularly
【7】A.bored B.charmed C.inspired D.scared
【8】A.after B.since C.before D.that
【9】A.latter B.former C.new D.present
【10】A.Thrilling B.Disturbing C.Starving D.Exciting
【11】A.Recovery B.Adjustment C.Treatment D.Discovery
【12】A.in defense B.on earth C.by nature D.at length
【13】A.pushing B.pressing C.focusing D.expanding
【14】A.leaving B.running C.missing D.hiding
【15】A.neatly B.roughly C.simply D.carelessly
【16】A.message B.letter C.word D.note
【17】A.partly B.only C.generally D.usually
【18】A.threw B.protected C.deserted D.buried
【19】A.looked after B.taken after C.named after D.modelled after
【20】A.minded B.bothered C.troubled D.concerned
33、 While volunteering in Tanzania, my wife and I got the idea of what we call a "street library” because children in our neighbourhood were able to read but had no _____at all.
We had an idea to make books ____to local children who wanted to read. We ____a famous international charity for collecting money. We ___ books in three book stores of the capital city. My wife Sue ___ all , 180 books with sticky-backed paper to keep them clean. A local man made some _____ to store the books. I made some a “library cards" and _____with a tailor called Saddiqi, who agreed to keep the boxes in his ____and to run the library. The library was ______to open!
Anyone could ____ with their name and their parent's mobile phone number, Saddiqi gave them a _____ with a number, with which they could read the books only in his shop. I decided it was better to do that than let readers ____ the books. There is no ____ to join the library. Within five days we had over 100 _____ and more were joining each day! Even though the books are ____ for children in different, grades of difficulty, ____ were using the library for free, too.
This side-project was, I think, one of the most ____ things we did in Tanzania. It was in some way a thank-you gift to our_____ for welcoming us so warmly into their lives，. The whole_____worked together on the street library and that's surely part of the reason it is still ____ after we left.
【1】A.interest B.chance C.business D.sense
【2】A.available B.precious C.cheap D.useful
【3】A.left B.contacted C.sold D.bought
【4】A.donated B.read C.wrote D.ordered
【5】A.copied B.mended C.printed D.covered
【6】A.cupboards B.counters C.boxes D.drawers
【7】A.quarreled B.debated C.consulted D.fought
【8】A.shop B.house C.garden D.courtyard
【9】A.necessary B.unlikely C.illegal D.ready
【10】A.sign up B.settle down C.see around D.drop in
【11】A.book B.card C.photo D.newspaper
【12】A.wait for B.learn from C.take away D.refer to
【13】A.way B.charge C.data D.need
【14】A.librarians B.workers C.members D.tailors
【15】A.even B.hardly C.never D.mainly
【16】A.babies B.adults C.youths D.foreigners
【17】A.rewarding B.boring C.worrying D.surprising
【18】A.relatives B.patients C.neighbours D.students
【19】A.school B.company C.country D.community
【20】A.open B.clean C.empty D.modern
34、根据句意填空
In the USA, the Amish-a Christian group-are famous because they drive 【1】 instead of cars, do not use TVs or refrigerators, and do not have personal telephones. Many people assume the Amish must have 【2】 reasons for their many rules, but this is not true. In truth, whenever a new technology is introduced, the Amish meet and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. They then vote on whether they will accept it. The Amish 【3】 cars because they like having 【4】 communities where everyone lives close together. They have no TVs or refrigerators because their homes do not have electricity-they do not think it is necessary and 【5】 dealing with strangers, such as the people who work at the electric company.
35、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A tiger at the Bronx Zoo in New York City has tested positive for the respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus, becoming the first known case of human-animal 【1】, the zoo's chief veterinarian said on Sunday.
Nadia, the 4-year-old Malayan tiger that tested positive, was 【2】 for the COVID-19 disease after 【3】 a dry cough along with three other tigers and three lions, the Wildlife Conservation Society, which manages the zoo, said in a statement.
All of the cats are expected to recover, it said. But officials believe this is a unique case because Nadia became sick after 【4】 to an asymptomatic zoo employee, Paul Calle, chief veterinarian at the Bronx Zoo, told Reuters.
Calle said they did not know which employee infected the tiger. "This is the first time that we have discovered that a person infects the animal and the animal gets sick," Calle said, adding that they planned to share the findings with other zoos and institutions. " I guess 【5】 we will all have a better understanding as a result.
While the other tigers and lions were also 【6】 symptoms, the zoo decided to test only Nadia because she was the sickest and had started to lose her appetite already, and they did not want to 【7】 all the cats to anesthesia(麻醉), Calle said.
Nadia 【8】 X-rays, an ultrasound(超声波) and blood tests to try to figure out what was making her sick . They decided to test for COVID-19 【9】 the surge in cases in New York City, the epicenter of the outbreak in the United States.The first tiger at the zoo, which has been shut since mid-March, began showing 【10】 of illness on March 27, according to the US Department of Agriculture National Veterinary Services Laboratories.
36、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Expressions about water are almost as common as water itself. But many of the expressions using water have unpleasant meanings.
The expression “to be in hot water” is one of them. It is a very old expression, which can be 【1】 back to 500 years ago. The expression is used to mean being in trouble. One story says it got that meaning from the custom of throwing extremely hot water down on enemies attacking a castle.
Being in “deep water” is almost the same as being in “hot water”. When you are in deep water, you are in a difficult 【2】. Imagine a person who cannot swim being thrown in water over his head. You are in deep water when you are facing a problem that you do not have the ability to solve. The problem is too deep. You can be in deep water, for example, if you invest in stocks in complete 【3】 of the stock market.
"Water over the dam" is another expression about a past event. It is something that cannot be 【4】. The expression comes from the idea that water that has 【5】 a dam cannot be brought back again. When a friend is 【6】 by a mistake she has made, you might tell her to forget about it. You say it is water over the dam.
Another common expression, "to hold water," is about the strength or weakness of an idea or opinion that you may be arguing about. It probably comes from the way of testing the 【7】 of a container. If it can hold water, it is strong and has no holes in it. If your 【8】 can hold water, it is strong and does not have any holes. If it does not hold water, then it is weak and can not be 【9】.
"Throwing cold water" also is an expression that deals with an idea or 【10】. For example, you want to buy a new car because the old one has some problems. But you wife "throws cold water" on the idea, because she says a new car costs too much
37、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Why Cold weather Causes So many Flight Cancellation?
Each year, about 60,000 flights get canceled because of bad winter weather, which costs airlines and airports an estimated $3 billion. But it’s not the freezing cold temperatures that cause problems for planes. After all, 【1】 jets fly 10 kilometers up, where temperatures hover around -50 degrees Celsius.
In fact, planes 【2】 in cold weather, since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust. Clearly, the real problem isn’t what’s going on up there. It’s what’s happening on the ground.
When a 【3】 polar vortex (极地涡旋) struck the Midwestern US in January 2019, temperatures dropped to -40 degrees Celsius and airline canceled 3,000 flights nationwide. In these situations, when temperatures start 【4】, everything slows down. Cargo doors can freeze up, along with the nozzles that pump fuel into planes, which delays the 【5】 process.
Even the plane itself can freeze over. Just a quarter-inch - thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings.
Les Westbrooks: The number one reason, I would say, that the reason flights get delayed in cold weather is going to be because there’s some kind of frozen precipitation, from frost to snow to a sheet of ice, adhering to the aircraft, adhering to the wings of the aircraft 【6】.
That’s Les Westbrooks, a retired airline pilot and an associate professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says that 【7】, these planes are “de-iced” - but this also delays takeoff. The crew can spray the plane with a special hot water/ glycol mixture. It can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes, so planes often have to wait “their turn” for the de-icing station, which, of course, can trigger more delays.
And ice on the runway, of course, creates another set of 【8】. In 2014, a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow, leading to an hours-long shutdown at the airport. And even though crews can remove ice from the runway, scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes (坑洞) and other 【9】, which makes takeoffs and landings more dangerous. And of course, snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials have to decide it’s not safe to fly at all.
But if ice and snow aren’t the problem in these extremely cold temperatures, it’s usually another factor: people.
Les Westbrooks: The airplane flies at high altitudes, -60 degrees. It’s made to do that. Humans are not made to be outside in -60 degrees weather. And so the human factor becomes a big, big factor, when it becomes extremely cold.
Baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and mechanics all have to stay warm. Some airports, like O’Hare in Chicago, set up heated shelters for their employees. Of course, with everyone taking breaks to warm up, not as much gets done, which leads to even more delays and cancellations. Passengers start missing their 【10】 flights, and that, along with passengers who can’t make it to the airport due to bad road conditions, leads to half-empty planes.
In fact, many airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits. So, in the end, you can still blame cold weather for cancelling your flight.
38、假定你是李华，你的英国好友Jim计划去非洲做志愿者，但是他的父母以安全为由反对，他发来邮件讲述此事。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1．你对该计划的看法；2．你的建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
39、假定你是学生会主席李华，当前大部分学生返回校园。 虽然新冠状病毒疫情己经缓解，但是仍然要重视防控，请你围绕“从小事做起，共战疫情”这一主题， 给全校学生写一封英文倡议书。
要点如下：1.倡议的原因和目的2.倡议的具体内容 3.发出倡议
注意：1.词数150左右：
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
新型冠状病毒:novel corona virus
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40、最近国家教育部要求在学校课程中设立中国传统毛笔书法课，引起社会诸多争议。请你就此谈谈自己的看法。内容包括：
1. 你是否赞同书法课在课程中的设立；
2. 阐述赞同或不赞同的原因。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：教育部Ministry of Education；书法calligraphy
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41、假设你是李华，因为即将升入高三你感到压力很大，请你写一封邮件给你校的心理老师Jenny，请她给你一些帮助， 要点如下:
1.自我介绍；2.描述你的学习现状;3.阐明你的压力来源；4.希望得到帮助。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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邮箱： 