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1、Evidence has been found through years of study _______ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
A. whether B. how
C. that D. why
2、— Could you help me take care of my pet dog on the 19th?
— I’m afraid I’m not ____________ that day.
A. vacant B. sufficient C. available D. convenient
3、During the novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒) the distinction (区别) between a mask (口罩) and N95 mask is ________.
A.unnecessary B.worthless C.important D.uninteresting
4、Cancer has become the top killer ________ I think threatens the health of millions of people.
A.that B.of which C.不填 D.Both A and C
5、The temperature sign that the water here is too hot to touch.
A.inserts B.indicates C.insists D.instructs
6、What we learn today in school will ______ whether we can meet our challenges in the future.
A. defend B. consume
C. determine D. consent
7、The exciting moment ________ Gerry will always remember is ________ he approaches the Harbor Bridge and the Opera House.
A．that; that
B．that; when
C．when; that
D．when; when
8、I have never been to London, but it is the place ________.
A.where I would like to visit B.I most want to visit
C.in which I want to visit D.that I want to visit it most
9、Have you applied ___________ Mr Black _____________ the post? It’s worth a try.
A. for; to B. with; for
C. with; about D. to; for
10、South Korea is bringing in more foreigners to solve its labor problem—a(n) shortage of blue collar workers.
A.regular B.acute C.flexible D.casual
11、His idea of having weekly family meals together，which seemed difficult at first，has ______ many good changes in their lives.
A．got through
B．resulted from
C．turned into
D．brought about
12、Many graduates, fresh out of university, often fail to find their ideal jobs where _______ work experience is usually required.
A．relevant
B．rough
C．severe
D．scientific
13、As soon as she arrived home,she_____tidying up the room.
A.set about B.set out C.set down D.set off
14、Since the new drug was needed for World War Ⅱ, the government approval process for penicillin was ________, and mass production began in 1944
A.possessed B.wound C.accelerated D.opposed
15、Rare________it is in men, there are cases of men developing breast cancer.
A.when B.since C.while D.as
16、He________ the wall and just looked at everybody in the room.
A.loaded with B.lined up C.held back D.leaned against
17、The twin brothers look so alike that it is very difficult to tell one from .
A. other B. another
C. others D. the other
18、He gained ______ to this university
A.permission B.accommodation C.scholarship D.admission
19、The new mayor, who adored ________ to the volleyball match, didn’t approve ________ the new building plans at the meeting.
A. to go; of discussing B. to go; discussing
C. going; of discussing D. going; to discuss
20、The story ________ in New York on a cold night was written by O.Henry， a world-famous American writer．
A.setting B.to set C.set D.was set
21、More than one passenger ________ injured in the air crash.
A.were B.is C.are D.was
22、Every time I look at the old photos, I am ________ back to my early childhood.
A. translated B. transferred
C. transported D. transformed
23、As we all know, it was ______ that resulted in the terrible car accident.
A.because of her carelessness B.her being careless
C.why she was careless D.she was so careless
24、We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ____ office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left
25、Un-learning is more difficult than learning because we become_____ to thinking or feeling in certain ways over time.
A.mutual B.habituated C.habitual D.verbal
26、 The second little pig was unlucky. He built his house from sticks. It was blown away by a wolf, which quickly ate him up. His brother, by contrast, built a wolf-proof house from bricks. The fairy tale could have been written by a salesman for the construction industry, which strongly favours brick, concrete and steel. However, in the real world it would help reduce pollution and slow global warming if more builders copied the wood-loving second pig.
In 2015 world leaders meeting in Paris agreed to move towards zero greenhouse-gas emissions（排放）in the second half of this century. That is a tall order, and the building industry makes it even taller. Cement-making alone produces 6% of the world’s carbon emissions. Steel, half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. If you count all of the energy that goes into lighting, heating and cooling homes and offices, the world’s buildings start to look like a serious environmental problem.
Governments in the rich world are now trying to promote greener behavior by requiring developers to build new projects to “zero carbon” standards（标准）. From January 1st 2019 all new public buildings in the European Union must be built to “nearly zero-energy” standards. All other types of buildings will follow in January 2021. Governments in eight further countries are being advised to apply the similar standards.
These standards are less green than they seem. Wind turbines and solar panels on top of buildings look good but are much less productive than wind and solar farms. And the standards only count the emissions from running a building, not those let out when it was made. Those are thought to account for between 30% and 60% of the total over a structure’s lifetime.
【1】Why is the fairy tale mentioned at the beginning of the passage?
A.To inform builders of salesmen’s trick.
B.To remind readers of a childhood fairy tale.
C.To persuade the builders to copy the second pig.
D.To attract readers to a problem of the building industry.
【2】What does the underlined word “that” refer to in Paragraph 2?
A.To reduce pollution. B.To construct taller brick buildings.
C.To slow global warming. D.To reach zero greenhouse-gas emissions.
【3】What is the author’s attitude toward the “zero carbon” standards?
A.Confident. B.Supportive.
C.Doubtful D.Unconcerned.
【4】What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Brick Houses to be Safer
B.Wood Buildings to be Greener
C.The “Zero Carbon” Standards
D.The Paris World Leader meeting
27、He is a 62-year-old superior court judge, but they are former addicts and criminals. All of them, however, are part of one team： the Skid Row Running Club in Los Angeles （L. A.）.
Twice a week, before the sun comes up, Judge Craig Mitchell runs the mile from his office at the county courthouse to The Midnight Mission, a social services organization centered in Downtown's Skid Row - the well-known area where the city's largest homeless population lives.
At the organization, he meets a group of 30 to 40 people and together they run through East L. A. The group includes runners from all walks of life and all levels of athleticism. Some members are homeless or in recovery, and others are lawyers, social workers or students.
Mitchell developed the program in 2012 after a man he'd once sentenced to prison returned to thank him. “He was paroled（假释）to The Midnight Mission and decided to come back and said 'Thank you, Judge Mitchell, for treating me like a human being. ' The president of the organization at the time asked me if there was something that I could do to contribute to the organization, and I thought of starting a running club. That was the inception," Mitchell said.
Every year, Mitchell takes his most devoted Skid Row runners on a free trip to participate in an international marathon. "I come back to the courthouse after any run and check off who is there. And so, I know exactly who has been faithful to the running program and who just comes once in a while, ” he said.
Mitchell says he's seen some participants turn their lives around, attending college, securing full-time employment and possessing calmness. "Running is a way for the participants to build relationships," he said. "You can be an amazing runner and benefit as much as our fast runners, because at the end of the day you're going to be surrounded by people who really care about you and want to spend time with you. Everybody is welcome. We believe. We listen. We support.
【1】What can we learn about the Skid Row Running Club?
A．It was set up to make a profit.
B．It consists of all sorts of members.
C．It's failed to win popularity in L. A.
D．It was designed mainly for court judges.
【2】What does the underlined word "inception" in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A．Origin.
B．Standard.
C．Contribution.
D．Distribution.
【3】Why does Mitchell check off runners after any run?
A．To check their health.
B．To compare their speed.
C．To award devoted runners.
D．To make sure of their presence.
【4】What does Mitchell's story tell us?
A．Running can highly educate criminals.
B．We can gain admiration if we work hard.
C．We can make a difference when we care.
D．Running can help build a charity for the poor.
28、Almost every second of every day an older adult falls in the United States. That's approximately 29 million falls per year and nearly 27,000 deaths. according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Still in the stating stage, the Active Pelvis Orthosis (APO) system in Switzerland wants to make a lightweight, wearable exoskeleton (外骨骼) that could detect signs of balance loss and assist with balance recovery to keep the elderly wearer from falling, only when needed.
Other exoskeletons, either in development or on the market today, assist with movement and make heavy objects feel lighter. Mobility-impaired people can walk again. But none of these devices predict what the wearer is going to do next and take measures to correct an unsteady move.
The 3 kilogram (6.7 pound) exoskeleton was built entirely from scratch by the research team and is designed to be worn on the lower half of the. body. A waistband connects to two movable carbon fiber braces (支架), each one positioned on the outer side of a leg. Tiny motors and so-called “adaptive oscillators” (适配振荡器) in the computer circuits use a special process to detect the, wearer's unique paces. That part takes just a few minutes.
While wearing the exoskeleton, a person may feel the braces and the motors pushing slightly on their legs. If their paces go against normal, the motors create a force in the braces that cause them to stiffen up and push a little more strongly against the legs, which provides stability.
In the next three years, the APO hopes to develop something that is commercially available.
【1】Why is the new exoskeleton invented?
A．To slower users' walking paces.
B．To improve users’ walking ability
C．To promote users' sense of balance.
D．To prevent users from falling
【2】What’s the feature of the new exoskeleton?
A．It keeps users warm.
B．It is worn on the back.
C．It helps users move around.
D．It corrects an unsteady move.
【3】What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．How the new exoskeleton works.
B．Where the braces are positioned.
C．How long it takes to detect the user's paces
D．What the new exoskeleton was built from.
【4】What is the purpose of the author in writing this text?
A．To call on care for the elderly.
B．To introduce a new invention.
C．To advertise new device
D．To bring hope for the elderly.
29、Since 50 years ago, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.
Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michelle Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated (展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person’s thoughts.
In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.
“Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord (脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” Tavella says, “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”
The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.” He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.
【1】What is BCI?
A．BCI is a technology that can link the human brain with computers.
B．BCI is a technology that can help to update computer systems.
C．BCI is a technology that can help the disabled to recover.
D．BCI is a technology that can control a person's thoughts.
【2】How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?
A．By controlling his muscles.
B．By talking to the machine.
C．By using his mind.
D．By moving his hand.
【3】Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?
A．scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair
B．scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair
C．computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair
D．cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
【4】Which of the following would be the BEST title for the text?
A．Switzerland, the BCI Research Center
B．New Findings about How the Human Brain Works
C．Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries
D．BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled
30、 I often go to France to visit my grandmother who is very dear to me. She’s now 76 years old, _________every time I go to visit, the two of us are very _________ that it might be the last time we see each other for she has cancer.
Last time I visited her in December of 2012. I did a series of short video interviews about her _________. I asked her about her greatest _________ and life learning so far, her favorite books, food and stories. I learned a large quantity of amazing _______ things about her I never knew before.
This year, I did not really have questions, only a strong _________ for her to know how much she is loved. I cooked for her and _________ her stories.
_________ leaving, I was looking for a way to leave something special behind _________ the memory of our time together. So I wrote her five different love and gratitude __________ to let her know how much she means to me, and hid them in __________ places where I knew she would finally ________ them. One under her pillow. Another one hanging from the lamp cover by which she reads in the evening. Another one by her toothbrush. One in her mailbox which she eagerly ________ every day. And the last one on her car’s steering wheel (方向盘).
I left joyfully __________ that these cards would surely cheer her up after I left. She __________ me as I was departing for Paris to catch my plane back to the US and said, “I found your three cards! By the time I discovered the third card, I was __________ out loud! Obviously, they did me so much ________. Thank you so much!” I smiled to myself, knowing she still has two more to ________! It was Sunday, so my guess was that she had not checked her __________ and had not yet __________ her car!
【1】A. but B. so C. for D. when
【2】A. aware B. sure C. sad D. disappointed
【3】A. career B. childhood C. family D. life
【4】A. expectations B. achievements C. contributions D. memories
【5】A. sweet B. old C. new D. exciting
【6】A. interest B. desire C. inspiration D. appeal
【7】A. wrote B. told C. read D. loved
【8】A. Before B. After C. On D. Once
【9】A. besides B. without C. rather than D. instead of
【10】A. stories B. books C. letters D. notes
【11】A. secret B. interesting C. mysterious D. different
【12】A. find B. remove C. reach D. like
【13】A. searches B. checks C. uses D. clean
【14】A. realizing B. saying C. knowing D. commenting
【15】A. hugged B. called C. thanked D. concerned
【16】A. laughing B. screaming C. crying D. running
【17】A. surprise B. favor C. good D. relaxation
【18】A. see B. share C. report D. go
【19】A. bedroom B. mailbox C. card D. book
【20】A. entered B. cleaned C. driven D. found
31、Jame’s New Bicycle
James shook his money box again．Nothing! He carefully _________ the coins that lay on the bed．
＄24．52 was all that he had．The bicycle he wanted was at least ＄90! _________on earth was he going to get the _________ of the money?
He knew that his friends all had bicycle．It was _________ to hang around with people when you were the only one without wheels．He thought about what he could do．There was no _________ asking his parents, for he knew they had no money to _________．
There was only one way to get money, and that was to _________ it．He would have to find a job．_________ who would hire him and what could he do? He decided to ask Mr．Clay for advice who usually had _________ on most things．
“Well, you can start right here,” said Mr．Clay．“My windows need cleaning and my car needs washing．”
That was the __________ of James’s odd-job（零工）business．For three months he worked every day after finishing his homework．He took dogs and babies for walks, cleared out cupboards and mended books．He lost count of the __________ of jobs that people found for him to do．He took dogs and babies for walks, cleared out cupboards, and mended books．He lost count of the ___________of cars he washed and windows he cleaned, but the __________ increased and he knew that he would soon have __________ for the bicycle he longed for．
The day __________ came when James counted his money and found ＄94．32．He __________ no time and went down to the shop to pick up the bicycle he wanted．He rode __________ home, looking forward to showing his new bicycle to his friends．It had been hard __________ for the money, but James knew that he valued his bicycle far more __________ he had bought it with his own money．He had __________ what he thought was impossible, and that was worth even than the bicycle．
【1】A. cleaned B. covered C. counted D. checked
【2】A. How B. Why C. Who D. What
【3】A. amount B. part C. sum D. rest
【4】A. brave B. hard C. smart D. unfair
【5】A. point B. reason C. result D. right
【6】A. split B. spend C. spare D. save
【7】A. borrow B. earn C. raise D. collect
【8】A. Or B. So C. For D. But
【9】A. decisions B. experience C. opinions D. knowledge
【10】A. beginning B. introduction C. requirement D. opening
【11】A. similarity B. quality C. suitability D. variety
【12】A. brand B. number C. size D. type
【13】A. effort B. pressure C. money D. trouble
【14】A. all B. enough C. much D. some
【15】A. finally B. instantly C. normally D. regularly
【16】A. gave B. left C. took D. wasted
【17】A. patiently B. proudly C. silently D. tiredly
【18】A. applying B. asking C. looking D. working
【19】A. since B. if C. than D. though
【20】A. deserved B. benefited C. achieved D. learned
32、 I remember when my husband started coaching the basketball team at a local high school in Richmond, California. He had a passion for sports and loved _________ with kids. Sitting in the _________ during the first game, I cried with joy as I watched him _________ with the students. He seemed to _________.
On the car ride home, we both realized that he has a _________ for teaching. Not just on the _________, but also in the classroom. He _________ a well-paid job in finance, and went back to school to obtain his teaching
_________. He landed a job teaching 8th grade US history to the amazing kids at Helms Middle School in San Pablo. He had found his _________. Little did I know that I would be in the __________, too.
My husband knows that I work for a software company that is __________ with 3D printing, and that’s usually the extent of his __________ in my profession. I was __________ when he asked me to be a guest speaker in his class that first year.
While I was planning my first __________ for his students, I asked myself, “What should I do? How do I integrate(融入) design, modeling and 3D printing into 8th grade US history?”
I __________ my friends, read the local teacher blogs and thought I was __________ to go. But during my first lesson a(n) __________ thing happened: I kind of failed. The end result, __________, was better than I ever expected.
At the end of the class, I asked the students how they felt about what they had __________ learned. They raised their hands and __________ answers and sought me out to more questions. When the bell rang, they thanked me for my time.
【1】A.chatting B.running C.arguing D.working
【2】A.stand B.carriage C.yard D.desk
【3】A.complain B.interact C.shout D.swear
【4】A.relax B.shine C.agree D.approach
【5】A.weakness B.dislike C.gift D.plan
【6】A.size B.market C.edge D.court
【7】A.left B.obtained C.saw D.weighed
【8】A.method B.experience C.funding D.certification
【9】A.hobby B.occupation C.charming D.ability
【10】A.system B.adventure C.classroom D.basement
【11】A.involved B.popular C.honest D.bored
【12】A.knowledge B.determination C.authority D.interest
【13】A.proud B.annoyed C.surprised D.calm
【14】A.interview B.speech C.ticket D.lesson
【15】A.consulted B.treated C.hugged D.noticed
【16】A.late B.ready C.worried D.thankful
【17】A.funny B.harmful C.similar D.important
【18】A.therefore B.moreover C.however D.besides
【19】A.even B.just C.still D.seldom
【20】A.ruled out B.made out C.left out D.shouted out
33、 At two, most children are happy to play with stuffed toys. _______, for Freddie Bawden, life on the farm is not child’s play but a labour of _______.
Feddie likes nothing more than _______ his working suit to join his father James and mother Kayleigh as they _______ their animals. He helps feed the pigs, sheep and other animals._______ his young age, Freddie takes his duties very _______. He also helps make up their feed and gives the animals water before sweeping up and laying down ______ hay.
Freddie even has two battery-powered _______ of his own for carrying hay. Mr Bawden said, “He's really _______ actually. It's good for him to ______ up around animals. It gets him outside a lot and he absolutely loves it really.”
Like most children, of course Freddie goes to _______ one-and-a-half days a week, but he spends the rest of his time helping his parents, who also _______ a dog training centre on the farm. The youngster helps to _______ the dogs, as well as feed them and sweep the kennels (狗舍). He also likes to join in the special training sessions,_______ toys for the dogs to _______ after. Mr Bawden said some even _______ better to Freddie than they did to their adult owners who may “overthink” things.
Mr Bawden ______ most two-year-olds are more likely to be found watching TV or playing with _______. But he said, “If he wants to come with me, he can. If he doesn’t, he doesn’t have to. He’s really healthy, fit and strong. He eats well and ______ well because he’s doing so much. He loves _______ off, and he loves showing other people his pigs and sheep.”
【1】A. Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Instead
【2】A. love B. work C. adventure D. imagination
【3】A. focusing on B. putting on C. taking on D. holding on
【4】A. look for B. go through C. come across D. care for
【5】A. Owing to B. Instead of C. Despite D. Apart from
【6】A. differently B. jokingly C. similarly D. seriously
【7】A. fresh B. strange C. ordinary D. local
【8】A. bricks B. tractors C. engines D. helicopters
【9】A. stubborn B. grateful C. helpful D. mean
【10】A. grow B. stay C. look D. wind
【11】A. hospital B. woods C. nursery D. parks
【12】A. destroy B. desert C. sell D. run
【13】A. confuse B. terrify C. beat D. walk
【14】A. creating B. throwing C. producing D. finding
【15】A. feed B. chase C. exchange D. swallow
【16】A. responded B. returned C. ignored D. imitated
【17】A. denied B. permitted C. admitted D. promised
【18】A. toys B. animals C. vegetables D. neighbors
【19】A. dresses B. reads C. plays D. sleeps
【20】A. laying B. showing C. paying D. burning
34、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Driving an electric car 【1】 to the protection of environment, or so the marketing departments of their makers would have you believe. Yet a report which analyzes car emissions presents a rather different picture. A battery-powered car recharged with 【2】 generated by coal-fired power stations, it found, is likely to be more harmful. It could cause more than three times as many deaths from pollution as a 【3】 petrol-driven vehicle.
The study was carried out by the University of Minnesota. The researchers estimated how levels of fine particulate matter (细颗粒物) and ground-level ozone — two important 【4】 of air pollution — would change when a car is powered by different ways.
It was no surprise that electric cars whose batteries were recharged with power from wind, solar or hydro-electric sources came out to be virtually free from harmful 【5】. They were estimated to cause 231 deaths over the course of a year, compared with 878 for petrol cars. Electric cars recharged with power from natural gas-fired stations were also a lot less harmful than petrol-driven ones, with 439 deaths. But if those same electric cars were recharged 【6】 by coal, they would be responsible for over 3,000 deaths.
Biofuels also caused more health problems than petrol. But diesel, which often 【7】 concern about pollution, is slightly cleaner than petrol. This is because the study assumes for all cars that emission-control technologies will be more widely used, especially particulate filters which have a remarkable effect on cleaning diesel 【8】. Diesel cars are also more 【9】 of fuel than petrol-driven ones.
Overall, the study shows that electric cars are cleaner than those traditional vehicles only if the power used to charge then is also clean. That is hardly a surprise, but the 【10】 of the difference is. How green electric cars really are, then, will depend mainly on where they are driven. In France, which obtains more than half of its power from nuclear station, electric cars look like a good bet. In China and some other developing countries, where a large amount of electricity is produced from coal, they may not be so environment- friendly as they are marketed.
35、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Smell the flowers before you go to sleep and you may just end up with rosy dreams. Have a whiff of rotten(腐烂的)eggs during the night and your dreams may be【1】(pleasant). So says researcher Dr. Boris Stuck, 【2】invited sleeping volunteers to a rose vs. rotten egg test in the University Hospital Mannheim in Germany. The subjects didn’t dream about roses【3】eggs, but rather he found that what they smelt affected the emotions of【4】(they) dreams.
And if you think【5】(smell) have a say in dreams, wait for what TV tells us. A UK study reveals that people exposed【6】black-and-white film and TV in their youth are to have monochromic(单色的)dreams throughout their life more【7】(probable). Eva Murzyn from the University of Dundee tested two age groups— one half 【8】(age) over 55 and【9】other half under 25.
The result? Under 5% of the dreams of the under-25s were in black and white. 【10】(watch)color TV in childhood seems to be the reason why.
36、Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Knowledge is free on the Internet at a small but 【1】 number of colleges and universities. About 160 schools around the world now put free course materials on the web to the 【2】. Recent additions in the United States 【3】 projects at Yale, Johns Hopkins and the University of California, Berkeley.
Berkeley said it would offer videos of lectures on YouTube. Free videos from other schools are 【4】 at the Apple iTunes store.
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) became an early 【5】 with its Open Course Ware project, first 【6】 in 2001. Free lecture notes, exams and other resources are published at ocw.mit.edu. Many exams even include the answers. Today, Open Course Ware offers materials from 1,800 undergraduate and graduate courses. These 【7】 from Physics to Political Science. Visitors can learn the same things as MIT students learn. But as the site points out, Open Course Ware is not an MIT education. Visitors receive no credit toward a degree. Some materials from a course may not be available, and the site does not provide 【8】 with teachers. Still, MIT says that the site has had forty million visits by thirty-one million visitors from almost every country. Sixty percent of the visitors are from outside the United States and Canada. Students and educators use the site, including students at MIT. But the largest number of visitors, about half, are self-learners.
Some professors have become well-known around the world as a result of 【9】 online. Walter Lewin, a physics professor at MIT, is 【10】 popular. Fans enjoy his entertaining lectures. MIT Open Course Ware now includes materials for high school. The aim is to improve education in Science, Technology, Math and Engineering.
37、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Why Cold weather Causes So many Flight Cancellation?
Each year, about 60,000 flights get canceled because of bad winter weather, which costs airlines and airports an estimated $3 billion. But it’s not the freezing cold temperatures that cause problems for planes. After all, 【1】 jets fly 10 kilometers up, where temperatures hover around -50 degrees Celsius.
In fact, planes 【2】 in cold weather, since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust. Clearly, the real problem isn’t what’s going on up there. It’s what’s happening on the ground.
When a 【3】 polar vortex (极地涡旋) struck the Midwestern US in January 2019, temperatures dropped to -40 degrees Celsius and airline canceled 3,000 flights nationwide. In these situations, when temperatures start 【4】, everything slows down. Cargo doors can freeze up, along with the nozzles that pump fuel into planes, which delays the 【5】 process.
Even the plane itself can freeze over. Just a quarter-inch - thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings.
Les Westbrooks: The number one reason, I would say, that the reason flights get delayed in cold weather is going to be because there’s some kind of frozen precipitation, from frost to snow to a sheet of ice, adhering to the aircraft, adhering to the wings of the aircraft 【6】.
That’s Les Westbrooks, a retired airline pilot and an associate professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says that 【7】, these planes are “de-iced” - but this also delays takeoff. The crew can spray the plane with a special hot water/ glycol mixture. It can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes, so planes often have to wait “their turn” for the de-icing station, which, of course, can trigger more delays.
And ice on the runway, of course, creates another set of 【8】. In 2014, a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow, leading to an hours-long shutdown at the airport. And even though crews can remove ice from the runway, scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes (坑洞) and other 【9】, which makes takeoffs and landings more dangerous. And of course, snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials have to decide it’s not safe to fly at all.
But if ice and snow aren’t the problem in these extremely cold temperatures, it’s usually another factor: people.
Les Westbrooks: The airplane flies at high altitudes, -60 degrees. It’s made to do that. Humans are not made to be outside in -60 degrees weather. And so the human factor becomes a big, big factor, when it becomes extremely cold.
Baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and mechanics all have to stay warm. Some airports, like O’Hare in Chicago, set up heated shelters for their employees. Of course, with everyone taking breaks to warm up, not as much gets done, which leads to even more delays and cancellations. Passengers start missing their 【10】 flights, and that, along with passengers who can’t make it to the airport due to bad road conditions, leads to half-empty planes.
In fact, many airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits. So, in the end, you can still blame cold weather for cancelling your flight.
38、假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国朋友来信说他在英国学校参加了中国书法 俱乐部。擅长书法的你决定写一幅书法作品寄给他，并附上_封信。信的内容包括.
1.该作品的内容； •
2.送该作品的原因；
3.表示愿意提供帮助。
注意：1.词数不少于100；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：汉字 Chinese characters;书法俱乐部 calligraphy club;书法作品 calligraphy piece
Dear Jim,
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Yours，
Li Hua
39、阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Nowadays, more and more employers and employees work online either time or part-time, and that number is continuously growing. It's believed that flying around the world for face-to-face company meetings is a waste of time and money. An effective choice to get rid of it is to use Web meetings.
A large group of presentations, training classes and meetings are done online without losing the face-to-face experience. Web meetings are online meetings where an organizer invites attendees to listen to or watch an online presentation by presenters. Besides, Web meetings can be recorded for later use. Presenters can take real-time surveys to study how to hold a successful meeting. Some Web meeting software programs can monitor the users' desktop behavior to see if they become distracted from the presentation and begin working on other documents. If so, the program can tell presenters when the listeners lose their attention, and how long the distraction lasts. In this way, the presenters will know which parts of their meetings need improving.
Web meetings can work well because they're hosted on a server （服务器）.Images from the presenter's desktop are taken, uploaded to a server and then downloaded by people who have access to the server. Web meetings require a powerful server to deal with several images a second and "serve" them back to thousands of users at the same time. And companies have two choices when it comes to these servers. They can either buy a special Web meeting server to host their meetings on-site, or they can pay for a Web meeting service every time and let the offsite provider worry about hosting the meetings. The choice depends on how frequently the company holds Web meetings, the average number of people attending the meetings, and the quality of engineering and information technology.
Web meetings are an excellent example of how technology is changing the way we do business. With all the technologies today, the traditional office might soon be a thing of the past.
40、假如你是校学生会主席李华，为提升同学环保意识， 你校准备于下周六开展“垃圾分类助推活动”，请代表学校写一则书面通知，向留学生介绍活动的具体安排， 内容包括：
1、活动意义
2、具体安排
3、报名方式
提示词：垃圾分类 garbage sorting
注意：词数100左右；
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41、近年微博(micro-blog)在中国越来越流行。假设你是校报记者，请根据下列提示为校报写一篇介绍微博的英语短文，词数 120 左右。
内容要点如下:
1. 方便交流，分享心情，释放压力；
2. 泄漏隐私，浪费时间；
3. 个人观点或建议。
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邮箱： 