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随时随地学习
随时随地学习
1、 There was no significant difference between a girl and a boy _______ the structure and function of their brains.
A. in place of B. in need o
C. in search of D. in terms of
2、My memory was a complete ________ I couldn't think of a single answer.
A.blank B.hollow C.vacant D.bare
3、—The T shirt I received is not the same as is shown online.
— ? But I promise you we’ll look into it right away.
A. Who says B. How come
C. What for D. Why worry
4、—I'd like to see the movie very much, but I have no money on me.
—That's OK. This is my__________.
A.offer B.treat C.turn D.service
5、An idiom often cannot be understood by looking at the meaning of its separate words. ________, its meaning can be very different from the apparent meanings of its components.
A. All in all
B. In other words
C. In a word
D. Whats more
6、 ---What do you think of the film 2012?
---Well, it’s good. At least it’s ________ the one I saw last time with Jean.
A. as bad as B. not as good as
C. no worse than D. not better than
7、______the classic Shi Ji, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer’s epic poems.
A．Superior to
B．Prior to
C．Due to
D．Similar to
8、______ environmental damage is done，it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover．
A．Even if B．If only
C．As if D．Once
9、—Glad to see you again! I quite appreciate your new haircut.
— . Well, I like things that are in.
A. Of course B. Never mind C. Thank you D. Forget it
10、---- Mary, correct the mistakes in your homework, will you?
---- _____.
A. I don’t know B. If any
C. Thank you D. Go ahead
11、________ it was marching along the streets, enjoying the festive atmosphere!
A．What great fun
B．How great fun
C．What a great fum
D．How a funny
12、Respect is not one-way traffic but mutual, and that might be we fight back in the trade friction against the USA .
A．where
B．because
C．why
D．how
13、The science competition is a good opportunity to show students _____ creativity can add new value to their school life.
A．where
B．whether
C．how
D．when
14、The doctor tried to laugh my brother _____ his fears about the coming operation.
A. from B. against C. off D. Into
15、 Teenage is an especially important stage for us, ______we are supposed to go all out to improve ourselves because anything can happen.
A. what B. where
C. which D. that
16、With the problems ________, the newly elected president is having a hard time now.
A．solve
B．solved
C．solving
D．to solve
17、The movie, set _______ the backdrop of Anti-Japanese Aggression War, proved to be very popular _______ the audience of different age and taste.
A.about…for B.back…with C.against…among D.up…across
18、“We ____the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathy, “she agreed, saying she was ready to live in a multigenerational family.”
A.yelled B.planted C.declared D.floated
19、When reading English novels, I often idiomatic expressions that I can't understand．
A. come across B. go over
C. get across D. take over
20、 Two years ago, three scientists traveled to the Antarctica to explore a secret world hidden _________ the ice.
A. among B. beneath C. beyond D. opposite
21、The surface of Mars is etched (蚀刻) with ancient river valleys and lake basins,Some re searchers think that liquid water once flowed on the Red Planet. Today, Mars is too cold for much, if any,liquid water to exist, And 3.8 billion years ago,when the flowing water formed, the sun was fainter than it is today, making it even harder to imagine a warm Martian climate, That’s why many researchers think Mars may have gone in and out of deep freezes,
Some researchers have suggested that early Mars only melt when large asteroid (小行星) impacts or volcanic eruptions temporarily warmed the planet.But Kasting, a geologist at Pennsylvania State University thinks warm windows from such dramatic events would have been too brief to carve the vast valleys that exist on Mars .Now, Kasting and his colleagues have come up with an alternative explanation: They think Mars may have experienced a series of climate cycles caused by changes in the strength of the greenhouse effect.
The idea goes like this: When Mars was cold and frozen volcanoes continued to erupt the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and hydrogen into the atmosphere.There, the gas blanket trapped heat and warmed the planet up until liquid water began to flow,forming Mars rivers and lakes. However, warm temperatures and abundant water would also have sped up certain chemical reactions that consumed carbon dioxide,mitigating the greenhouse effect and cooling the planet back down again.Then the cycle would repeat.
Kasting shared his theory with other astronomers at the December meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco, and in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters. So far, Kasting’s team has only shown that such an explanation is possible.But the researchers say field trips could help test the idea by looking for evidence of multiple warm events, and their duration.
【1】What made researchers believe that liquid water once existed on Mars?
A．The color of the planet,
B．The natural climate of Mars
C．The temperatures of the sun.
D．The geological features of Mars
【2】What is Kasting’s theory based on?
A．Large asteroids had no impact on Mars.
B．Volcanic eruptions were very frequent on Mars
C．Vast valleys couldn’t be formed in a short period of time.
D．Carbon dioxide and hydrogen were abundant in the atmosphere
【3】What does the underlined word “mitigating” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Imitating.
B．Reducing.
C．Predicting.
D．Enhancing.
【4】Which of the following might confirm Kasting’s theory?
A．The future Mars missions.
B．The publication of the journal.
C．The design of the climate model.
D．The cooperation with astronomers.
22、Scientists are debating how to limit their newly-discovered power to change genetic structure (结构). Scientists already modify the genes (基因) of farm animals and agricultural plants to make them more productive or stronger. But now they can also change genes in wild animals and plants. These genes would continue into later generations. For example, it may be possible for scientists to remove from existence the kind of mosquitoes, small flying insects, that carry the Zika virus. They might also be able to permanently remove species (物种) of plants and animals that are damaging to other species.
In a report published last week, the U. S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NAS) said it supports continued research on this kind of gene control. But it warned that it is not possible to know what will happen when these changed plants and animals are released (释放) into the wild.
Sixteen biologists, ethicists (伦理学家) and policymakers are on an NAS committee that is examining the issue. They say that there is value to the new technology. But, they say, there is not enough evidence to support the release of modified organisms (生物体) from the laboratory into nature.
Many people would support stopping mosquitoes and rats from carrying diseases. But scientists say we must understand the possible scientific, ethical, legal and social results of such action before we decide whether to take it. Gene modification is spread through reproduction (繁殖).
Changed genes will continue to spread as long as an animal or plant continues to reproduce. They cannot be limited to a farm or kept within a country's borders. Scientists are wondering what may happen if a modified organism mates with another species. They are not yet sure how the modified genes would affect the other species. It is possible that those genes could harm those creatures or even lead to their disappearance from our planet.
【１】What possible advantage does gene control in wild animals and plants have?
A. Changing the Zika virus permanently.
B. Getting rid of damaging species forever.
C. Having the changed genes in their next generations.
D. Making all the species more productive and stronger.
【２】As for genetically changed wild animals and plants, what are scientists worried about?
A. They may become weaker or die out.
B. They may be more productive than before.
C. They may cause damage to their living habitat.
D. Their genes may spread to later generations.
【３】Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Scientists are certain what exact results gene modification leads to.
B. Gene modification can benefit some farm animals and agricultural plants.
C. Scientists won't modify any genes before they make the final decision.
D. Gene modification will be encouraged in more creatures in the near future.
【４】The article is mainly intended to ________.
A. appeal against research on gene control
B. show how to change genetic structure
C. inform us of power and danger of gene control
D. give the reason why gene modification is necessary
23、Tina Brigham, a 50-year-old store owner from a suburb of Washington, DC, wrestled with the puzzles while waiting for customers. “If it’s a 30-minute puzzle, I try to figure it out in 12,” she said. After several years, she found she could easily put together employee work schedules in her head. A lot of stores use an electronic scheduling tool, but I have all the data in my mind,” she said. “I think my brain seems sharper and more focused because of the game.”
The games do seem to work. In one 2020 study, Gary Small, chair of psychiatry at Hackensack University Medical Center, found that 1,091 women and men who frequently played cards, bingo, or did crossword puzzles had sharper thinking and memory skills — equivalent to an IQ up to 5.6 points higher — than those who rarely did. The study doesn’t prove that the puzzles directly led to the higher IQs, but it does show that even people who increased their game-playing in their 70s seemed to get brain benefits within a few years.
Exactly how games sharpen memory and cognitive function is still something of a mystery. But advances in neuroimaging (神经影像学) allow researchers to study how the brain reacts to all sorts of outside stimulation. Small later included 60 women and men completing Latin squares. As the puzzles grew more difficult with fewer clues, players slowed down and made more mistakes. That’s when he discovered something surprising: More regions of the brain got involved, especially in the prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质区)，an area involved with problem-solving, judgment, and memory.
Small suggests that if you find yourself debating whether to spend the next 20 minutes taking a walk or playing a brain game, you should choose the walk. Physical activity can help deliver oxygen and fuel to your brain cells. “If you do one thing to help your brain, I’d say it’s exercise.” he says. “Getting good sleep and keep a balanced diet are also important. Brain games work best as part of a whole package of brain-healthy strategies. And remember: A little fun never hurts.
【1】How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1?
A．By sharing a story.
B．By comparing facts.
C．By report findings.
D．By presenting figures.
【2】What can we know from Gary Small's study?
A．Puzzles directly leads to higher IQs.
B．People in their 70s benefit more from brain games.
C．How games sharpen minds has not been clearly understood.
D．Physical activities play an equally important role ais brain games.
【3】Why does the author mention good sleep and a healthy diet in the last paragraph?
A．To advocate good sleep and a balanced diet.
B．To advise what we should do to keep healthy.
C．To stress the importance of good sleep and a healthy diet.
D．To explain that brain games function best as part of brain-healthy strategies.
【4】What is the main idea of the text?
A．Puzzles make brains sharp and focused.
B．Physical activities play an important role in sharp thinking.
C．Brain games are beneficial to memory skills and cognitive function.
D．Sharp memory and cognitive function depend largely on brain games.
24、 To learn new things, we must sometimes fail. But what's the right amount of failure? New research led by the University of Arizona proposes a mathematical answer to that question.
Educators have long recognized that there is something of a "sweet spot" when it comes to learning. That is, we learn best when we are challenged to grasp something just outside of our existing knowledge. When a challenge is too simple, we don't learn anything new; likewise, we don't expand our knowledge when a challenge is so difficult that we fail entirely or give up.
So where does the sweet spot lie? According to the new study, it's when failure occurs 15% of the time. Put another way, it's when the right answer is given 85%of the time.
Researchers at the University of Arizona came up with the so-called "85% Rule" after conducting a series of machine-learning experiments in which they taught computers simple tasks, such as classifying different patterns into one of two categories.
The computers learned fastest in situations in which the difficulty was such that they responded with 85% accuracy.
"If you have an error rate of 15% or accuracy of 85%, you are always maximizing your rate of learning in these two-choice tasks," said Professor Robert Wilson.
When we think about how humans learn, the 85%Rule would mostly likely apply to perceptual(感知的)learning, in which we gradually learn through experience and examples, Wilson said. Imagine, for instance, a radiologist(放射科医生)learning to tell the difference between images of tumors(肿瘤)and non-tumors.
"You need examples to get better at figuring out there's a tumor in an image, "Wilson said. "If I give really easy examples, you get 100% right all the time and there's nothing left to learn. You're not going to be taking as much from that as a situation where you are struggling a little hit. If I give really hard examples, you'll he 50% correct and still not learning anything new, while if I give you something in between, you can he at this sweet spot where you are getting the most information from each particular example."
【1】Which of the following is linked with the sweet spot?
A.15 percent accuracy. B.50 percent accuracy.
C.85 percent accuracy. D.100 percent right.
【2】Why did the researchers teach computers simple tasks?
A.To find out where the sweet spot lies. B.To see how well computers carry out tasks.
C.To compare the results of their experiments. D.To conduct some research on machine learning.
【3】What is the purpose of the "examples" mentioned in the last paragraph?
A.To teach what to do in the treatment of tumors. B.To teach how to determine there is a tumor.
C.To help to remember what is learned. D.To help to learn how a tumor develops.
【4】According to the text, what is the most effective way of learning?
A.Not taking failure too seriously. B.Learning through experience and examples.
C.Struggling a little bit, but not too much. D.Learning things that are completely new.
25、It was a very cold Thursday. When I observed the_______falling onto my car, I really began to wonder if I was going to_______it on time. Of course I must, because I have no_______.
About two weeks ago, what my_______Ellen had talked about was her Christmas concert to be held in her school and some rumors about it. “Mom, Rachel was_______to sing alone, but she’s not! Linda will replace her to do it.” “Mom, you won’t believe it,_______Lexie’s whole family is coming to the concert, even from another_______.” Making a long way out of state to see third graders sing Christmas carols seemed to be a pretty big deal (待遇) for her.
When I sat in traffic, I thought about all the school_______I had attended alone. Ellen never mentioned it, but I wonder_______she felt about me being the only one who ever came to her events. My own family lived out of town, and her father and his family________quite succeeded in fitting those things into their schedules, I________if it bothered her.
At eight o'clock the________was scheduled to begin. With only a few minutes to________, I found myself running: first, through the snow-drifted parking lot, then through the school passage. I entered the________hall and found a vacant seat near the front. From her place onstage, Ellen saw me________for the chair, and she smiled. I was________enough to hear the loud conversation of the children onstage.
“Look, Ellen, there is my uncle and my cousin. They came all the way from West Virginia. I can’t believe my whole family is here!” Ellen________at Lexie and said, “My whole family is here, too! Look, there she is!” Ellen gave me a big smile. I smiled back at her, never once________the melting snow dripping off my head. It________occurred to me that while we tried to teach our children all about________, they actually taught us what life was all about.
【1】
A．dust
B．rain
C．leaves
D．snow
【2】
A．do
B．make
C．see
D．appreciate
【3】
A．choice
B．idea
C．chance
D．time
【4】
A．niece
B．nephew
C．son
D．daughter
【5】
A．supposed
B．reminded
C．forced
D．persuaded
【6】
A．so
B．but
C．or
D．and
【7】
A．town
B．country
C．state
D．city
【8】
A．meetings
B．exercises
C．exams
D．events
【9】
A．which
B．what
C．how
D．when
【10】
A．always
B．never
C．occasionally
D．regularly
【11】
A．wondered
B．ignored
C．imagined
D．hesitated
【12】
A．party
B．class
C．concert
D．competition
【13】
A．start
B．use
C．remain
D．spare
【14】
A．huge
B．empty
C．crowded
D．special
【15】
A．walk
B．run
C．wander
D．head
【16】
A．close
B．eager
C．prepared
D．happy
【17】
A．glared
B．smiled
C．glanced
D．laughed
【18】
A．considering
B．stopping
C．noticing
D．getting
【19】
A．suddenly
B．eventually
C．gradually
D．secretly
【20】
A．love
B．music
C．school
D．life
26、假如你是星光中学高三一班班长李华，外教将组织你班学生参加一次社会实践活动，作为班长的你为了动员大家积极参加，开了一个以“The Importance of Social Practice”为主题的班会，请根据以下提示准备一份英语发言稿。1. 社会实践活动越来越流行；2. 有些人认为社会实践并不重要； 3.你的观点
注意：1.词数100左右；2．发言稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
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