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随时随地学习
随时随地学习
1、The minister refused for reasons of _______ rather than religion to sign a new law legalizing abortion.
A. comprehension B. conscience C. consequence D. conservation
2、The beauty of a tournament like the World Cup is ________ it can be wildly unpredictable.
A．whether
B．how
C．that
D．why
3、Shortly after the earthquake, many people hurried to the hospital to_______ their blood.
A. donate B. share C. exchange D. promote
4、The fact that he didn’t speak a foreign language put him at a(an) ________ disadvantage.
A．remote
B．distinct
C．identical
D．greedy
5、We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems ______.
A.to be settled B.to settle C.settled D.having settled
6、Long-term ______ to domestic and foreign classics has made him so knowledgeable.
A. resistance B. submission C. admission D. exposure
7、Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second-floor windows, ______ he could see nothing but trees.
A. where B. from where
C. which D. from which
8、It came as a great ________ to the parents that their son finally came back safe and sound.
A. relief B. sense
C. relaxion D. favor
9、Before we come to a decision, we must make sure we have ______ all the relevant facts.
A.set foot on B.set fire to
C.made way for D.taken account of
10、Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations ________ appear in the working world.
A. where B. when C. that D. what
11、China has accelerated crucial transformations in the role of government, _______the market to play a decisive role.
A．to allow
B．allowed
C．having allowed
D．allowing
12、______ is willing to volunteer in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is welcome to join us.
A. Whatever B. Whoever C. Whenever D. Wherever
13、The government is to _____ the technologies to the full in the structural transformation of the economy.
A. adapt B. expose
C. exploit D. attach
14、The government calls on us to avoid visiting crowded areas and medical institutions _______ it is necessary.
A.while B.because C.unless D.when
15、After the meal, the managers went back to the meeting room to ________ their discussion.
A.put off B.carry on C.look up D.take down
16、— Mike will announce his retirement from professional soccer next week.
—________! He’s only 25 and still very fit.
A．I don’t mind at all
B．I couldn’t agree more
C．You will make it
D．You can’t be serious
17、If you are wrong, the project will surely fail, ______hard we try.
A．whatever
B．whichever
C．even though
D．no matter how
18、Please ________ your ashes before it fails on the carpet.
A. cut off B. knock off
C. get off D. drop off
19、We are living in an age ______ QR codes（二维码）are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.
A. why B. that C. whose D. when
20、In 2012, Sun Yang became the first Chinese man _____ an Olympic gold medal in swimming.
A. winning B. to win
C. having won D. being won
21、 Colin Chapman, the founder of Lotus Cars, was one of motor racing's most influential engineers. He summed up his philosophy as "simplify, then add lightness". A simple, featherweight car might be slower on the straights than a beefy muscle-machine, he reasoned. But it would be faster everywhere else. Between 1962 and 1978 Lotus won seven Formula One constructors championships.
It appears to be an uncommon insight since humans always struggle with subtractive thinking. When asked to improve something, they tend to suggest adding new things rather than removing some, even when additions lead to not satisfying results. In one study conducted by Gabrielle Adams, along with colleagues at the University of Virginia, participants were asked to change a pattern on a grid(网格)of coloured squares to make it balanced. Although that could be done equally well by adding new squares or by deleting existing ones,78% chose the additive option.
But why people forget that less is often more? One experiment asked participants to redesign an unbalanced Lego structure so that it could support a house-brick. Participants could earn a dollar for fixing the problem, but each piece of Lego they added cut that reward by ten cents. Even then, only 41% worked out that simplifying the structure by removing a single block,rather than complicating it by adding more, was the way to maximise the payout. Practice improved people's chances of spotting subtractive solutions, suggesting that many were simply not thinking of the possibility, at least at first.
What all this amounts to is evidence for " additive thinking" entering the list of" cognitive biases"(认知偏差).The 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded for demonstrating that humans are not thinking logically as economists do. Instead of thinking a problem through and coming up with an ideal solution, they tend to use cognitive shortcuts that are fast and—mostly—"good enough".
【1】Why is Chapman's case mentioned in paragraph 1 ?
A．To prove his philosophy.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To support the argument.
D．To provide an example.
【2】What were the participants asked to do in Adams's study?
A．To balance a pattern.
B．To plus new squares.
C．To delete original squares.
D．To change a pattern's colour.
【3】What can we know about subtractive thinking from paragraph 3?
A．It can make things more complex.
B．It is a shortcut to gaining a fortune.
C．It can be facilitated through practice.
D．It is a common way to tackle problems.
【4】What does the author try to convey through the text?
A．Less is often more.
B．Think less and act more.
C．Additive thinking is a shortcut.
D．Economists think more logically.
22、Even though vaccination (接种疫苗) is a powerful defense against disease, some voices are against it. In a recent letter, the American Medical Association (AMA) urged big social media including Amazon, Facebook and Google to take action to defend medical science on their platforms.
It said that vaccine-preventable diseases that do harm to the public health like measles (麻疹) are on the rise. Measles cases worldwide jumped more than 30% in 2017 compared to 2016, with the largest increases seen among nations in the Americas, Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean. Vaccine-preventable diseases are increasing largely because many people are unwilling to get vaccinated. And some of these people even encourage others to refuse vaccination. So this year, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the anti-vaccination movement a top-10 health threat.
“Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective ways of avoiding disease — it currently prevents 2-3 million deaths a year, and a further 15 million could be avoided if global coverage of vaccinations improved,” WHO said.
A research article published in 1998 in a medical journal suggested a link between a vaccine and the development of autism (自闭症) in young children. Although the research has been suspected and many other studies have proved that vaccinations do not cause autism, the article is still impressing people strongly today. Another reason for the growth in the anti-vaccination movement is widespread misinformation on social media, which can turn people against vaccination. If a concerned parent consistently sees information in their Newsfeed that casts doubt on the safety of vaccines, it could cause them to disregard the advice of their children’s physicians and public health experts and refuse to follow the recommended vaccination schedule. So access to true information about vaccine safety is badly needed.
【1】What does the AMA require social media to do on their platforms?
A．Join hands to develop new vaccines.
B．Introduce life-threatening diseases.
C．Give up the anti-vaccination movement.
D．Spread the positive effects of vaccination.
【2】Why does the author mention the measles cases in paragraph 2?
A．To stress the danger of measles.
B．To show the result of anti-vaccination.
C．To prove vaccination doesn’t work well.
D．To explain the reason for anti-vaccination.
【3】Which of the following leads to the anti-vaccination phenomenon?
A．Parents’ concerns over vaccine safety.
B．The high cost of vaccination.
C．A research relating vaccination to high death rate.
D．Experts’ advice spread on social media.
【4】What is the author’s attitude towards vaccination?
A．Doubtful.
B．Ambiguous.
C．Positive.
D．Negative.
23、 When Omar Yaghi was growing up in Jordan, his neighborhood received water for only about 5 hours once every 2 weeks. If Yaghi wasn’t up at dawn to turn on the taps to store water, his family, their cow, and their garden had to go without. At a meeting last week, Yaghi, now a chemist at the University of California, reported that he and his colleagues have created a solar-powered device that could provide water for millions in water-stressed regions. At its heart is a porous crystalline (多孔晶体) material, known as a metal-organic framework (MOF), which acts like a sponge: It sucks water vapor out of air, and then releases it as liquid water.
Yaghi and his colleagues first developed a zirconium( 锆 )-based MOF in 2014 that could harvest and release water. But at $160 per kilogram, zirconium is too expensive for massive use. So, last year, his team came up with an alternative called MOF-303, based on aluminum, which costs just $3 per kilogram, but the harvest was only about 0.2 liters per kilogram of MOF per day.
In July 2019, Yaghi reported that his team has designed a new and far more productive water harvester. Supported by a solar panel to power a fan and heater, which speed the cycles, the new device produces up to 1.3 liters of water per kilogram of MOF per day from desert air. Yaghi expects further improvements to increase that number to 8 to 10 liters per day. And his company plans to release a microwave-size device able to provide up to 8 liters per day this fall. The company promises an enlarged version next year that will produce 22,500 liters per day, enough to supply a small village.
However, it needs to be shown that Yaghi’s MOFs can be produced cheaply on a large scale. Each potential commercial MOF needs to prove itself in stability, efficiency, and life span. But if MOFs can pass those tests, they could offer a solution to some of the world’s most pressing problems.
【1】Why is Omar Yaghi’s childhood mentioned at the beginning?
A.To show how serious water problem is. B.To lead in the topic.
C.To introduce the chemist. D.To arouse reader’s interest.
【2】What is the problem of MOF-303?
A.It costs too much. B.It can’t last long.
C.It is hard to operate. D.It is low in efficiency.
【3】According to Yaghi, how much water will a large water harvester produce per day?
A.1.3 liters. B.10 liters.
C.22,500 liters. D.8 liters.
【4】What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A.Yaghi’s MOFs are in great demand now.
B.Yaghi’s MOFs may help solve water shortage.
C.Yaghi’s MOFs have already entered the market.
D.Mass production of Yaghi’s MOFs is impossible.
24、A single dose(剂量) of an experimental vaccine(疫苗) can protect mice against the Zika(寨卡) virus, raising renewed hope of a vaccine for humans, say scientists. The US team say the results, published in Nature, are “striking” and should encourage research efforts.
Tests in humans could begin in months. But even if these go well, a licensed vaccine for widespread use to protect those at most risk—such as pregnant women—would still be years away, experts advise. Zika has been spreading across Central and South America and, most recently, Africa. More than 60 countries and territories now have continuing transmission(传播) of the disease, which is carried by mosquitoes. The virus causes serious birth damages during pregnancy and has been declared a global public health emergency.
Now, developing a vaccine for pregnant women to protect their unborn babies is an international research priority(优先事项). US scientists from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School tested two types of Zika vaccine in mice — one based on bits of genetic(基因的) code from the virus and another that is an inactive (and therefore harmless) copy of Zika. Both worked well, protecting every mouse that was immunised against the virus. In comparison, all of the mice not given the vaccine caught Zika after they were exposed to it.
Researchers say they will push ahead with developing the needed virus vaccine. There are many existing vaccines for other disease that use this type of technology, while there are relatively few DNA-based vaccines. Of course, future tests will need to check the vaccine is safe and effective in humans, as well as how long the immunity might last.
【1】If the tests in humans go smoothly, ________.
A．a vaccine for use in the laboratory will be still be years away.
B．pregnant women in Africa will be the first to benefit from the vaccine.
C．a licensed vaccine will still not be accessible in a short term.
D．The Zika virus will cause less serious birth defects during pregnancy in months.
【2】Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．many countries are actively involved in the research of the Zika vaccine.
B．US scientists have tested more than two types of Zika vaccine in mice.
C．None of the mice given the vaccine caught Zika.
D．It is still unknown whether the vaccine is safe and effective.
【3】Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Zika vaccine works very well in mice
B．Zika vaccine still has a long way to go
C．International researches into Zika have paid off
D．More attention has been paid to Zika vaccine
25、 It was time to start my afternoon run on the school bus. I drove up to the elementary school, parked and opened the doors.
Usually I enjoyed _______ the kids as they climbed aboard. Today I kept my _______ fixed straight ahead. I’d just come from a(n) _______ family counseling (辅导) session with my oldest son, Shayn. He started consuming alcohol at 17. I felt _______. How did we ever get here? I thought. Shayn was intelligent and had been a _______ to raise. The two of us were close.
The kids walked past me onto the bus. One or two said hi. A little girl _______ a small piece of paper on my lap gently. “This is for you!” she said.
I absent-mindedly _______ the folded paper and looked up just in time to see wisps (缕，束) of long blonde hair _______ down the aisle (过道).
I’d hoped family counseling would help Shayn quit drinking. _______ at today’s session, Shayn was angry. He said kids his age drink ________ and that his drinking was under control. What hope did we have ________ Shayn couldn’t see that he needed help?
I moved to throw the note in the rubbish can near the driver’s seat, then ________. What if the little girl sees you throw her present away? I thought. So I ________it. Inside was a four-leaf clover (四叶草), along with a message written in a child’s hand: “This is filled with ________.”
As I read the note, my whole body ________. My thinking changed. I couldn’t control Shayn’s drinking. There was still hope, even when I didn’t know what to do.
I searched my rearview mirror (后视镜) for the child who’d given me the note, but not a single one had long blonde hair.
【1】A.pulling B.teaching C.greeting D.separating
【2】A.gaze B.thought C.brake D.schedule
【3】A.cheap B.expensive C.easy D.difficult
【4】A.neglected B.hopeless C.abandoned D.homeless
【5】A.struggle B.pleasure C.failure D.success
【6】A.laid B.covered C.distributed D.returned
【7】A.tore B.cut C.grabbed D.recycled
【8】A.grow B.hang C.disappear D.emerge
【9】A.For B.And C.Or D.But
【10】A.sensitively B.socially C.passively D.politely
【11】A.unless B.though C.so D.if
【12】A.paused B.refused C.left D.explained
【13】A.unlocked B.unpacked C.unfolded D.unwrapped
【14】A.confidence B.hope C.patience D.courage
【15】A.shook B.ached C.shrank D.relaxed
26、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
There was once a boy in ragged clothes running to ask a building contractor(包工头）who wore elegant clothes in a construction site of a skyscraper(摩天大楼），“How could I become as rich as you when I grow up?"
With a glance at the boy,the tall and strong-build contractor replied,"I would like to tell you a story first about three diggers.The first digger liked holding a spade(锹） without doing anything but saying that he wanted to be a boss in the future.The second digger liked complaining about the long-time work and his low salary.The third digger always quietly devoted himself to digging without making any claims.Several years later, the first digger was still holding his spade in the original place and the second took an excuse of work injury for early retirement.Only the third digger became the boss of the building company.Do you understand the moral of this story?Just go to buy a red shirt and work hard.”
The little boy was puzzled and could not figure out the implication of the story.So he asked the contractor to explain further.Pointing to the builders who were working on the scaffold(脚手架），the contractor talked to the little boy,"Look at those people! They are all my workers.I can't remember all of their names,and even I have no impression of some of them.But if you look carefully,you will notice a sunburned man in red among them.I notice him very early.He seems to be working harder with higher spirits than others.He is always the first one to work every day while the last one to leave.It is exactly his red shirt that makes him stand out among all the workers.Now I am about to ask him to be my taskmaster and I believe he will work even much harder from now on.Maybe he will soon be promoted to my assistant."
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The contractor told the boy that was also how he had got where he was then.
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After hearing his words,the boy thought a lot.
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