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1、--I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
--Sorry, I__________myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A．hadn't made
B．wouldn't make
C．don't make
D．haven't made
2、Having a good command of the language of the country where you are going to study is necessary, because language skills affect you perform academically.
A. how B. that C. what D. when
3、I believe the time is coming soon there will be no weapons in the world.
A．which
B．that
C．where
D．when
4、________ its health benefits, dancing is a fun way to release positive energy and make society more pleasant.
A.As a result of B.In view of C.In terms of D.In addition to
5、________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A．Which B．Whom C．That D．What
6、In 1913,Frost’s first book of poems, A Boy’s Will, ________ by a famous publishing house and became a great success later.
A．have been published
B．has been published
C．were published
D．was published
7、Many physical stores are struggling to ______ in the gap between the physical and the online world.
A.assess B.advocate C.survive D.analyze
8、 Nuclear ______ be really dangerous at times even though it’s a nice energy in general.
A. shall B. should C. can D. Must
9、 We are planning to _______ a party for our grandparents to celebrate their fiftieth anniversary of marriage.
A. put B. throw C. make D. get
10、—How are things going, Janet?
—They have set out to deal with the present situation ________ they think deserves their immediate attention.
A．which
B．where
C．when
D．what
11、 most kids still love burgers，chicken wings and pizza，there are a lots of other foods that are to kids' taste．
A．While B．Since
C．Before D．In case
12、Sara, my colleague, has been ______ the run all week preparing for her son’s wedding.
A. in B. to C. on D. at
13、—Could you tell me the ______ of making such tasty cakes?
—Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
A.trick B.feature C.technology D.fashion
14、--Would you mind me asking you some questions，Sir？
--_________．
A． Sure，please B． My pleasure
C． Yes，please D． Go ahead
15、What do you enjoy ____ your spare time?
A. kill B. to kill C. killing D. killed
16、---Oh, my God! Daring, what’s wrong with your face?
---Forget it! I am allergic to the cream recommended by my colleague, Ms．Fan, a very well preserved woman．
---Oh, no! I have to say ‘ ’.
A．A burden of one’s choice is not felt．
B．One man’s meat is another man’s poison．
C．Beauty, unaccompanied by virtue, is as a flower without perfume．
D．Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it．
17、Jim, ________ for months to find a job as an engineer, finally took a position in a factory ______ cars.
A. struggling; producing B. struggled; produced
C. having struggled; producing D. to struggle; to produce
18、We haven’t discussed yet ________ we are going to place our new piano.
A．where B．which C．what D．that
19、I have always regarded him as a man of _____ for he never takes advantage of others.
A．loyalty
B．generosity
C．wisdom
D．integrity
20、My boss is very generous, and he is ______ generous when we get a big order.
A．very B．most C．only D．rather
21、Shakespeare wrote in his great play Hamlet, “Brevity (简洁) is the soul of wit.” But it seems that not everyone agrees with this. Microblog has canceled its 140-character limit for posts, meaning users can now write as many words as they like. And now Twitter, a US social media site that’s similar to Microblog, also announced that it plans to double its character limit from 140 to 280.
Twitter has its reasons for the changes. It’s a pain to have to edit your thoughts to less than 140 characters when you have so much to say. And a big problem for English writers is that it requires more space than character-based languages such as Chinese to express the same thing. According to The Atlantic, while the average English-language tweet is 34 characters, a Japanese one, for example, is only 15.
But still, Twitter users don’t seem to be happy with the new move.
Our reading habits have changed over time, and we’re used to keeping up to date with what’s happening in the world by reading just a couple of lines of text. For this, 140 characters are more than enough.
“[Microblogs] are almost always faster and more efficient than television, radio, newspapers, or any other source,” wrote Dom Knight, a reporter for The Guardian. “It’s like gathering in the town square ... in an instant.”
Trying to fit your thoughts into a limited space is also a good way to come up with smart comments, which is why microblogs are often where the best humor is found.
For example, during former US President Donald Trump’s election campaign in 2016, a Twitter user wrote: “If Trump can seriously win the presidency of this nation, I don’t want to see a job description with ‘experience required’ ever again.” And another wrote: “England: Nothing can be more embarrassing than Brexit. America: Watch this.” These tweets expressed people’s upset louder and quicker than any long articles ever could.
So perhaps we should pay attention to Shakespeare’s words. After all, he only needed 27 characters to make his famous point.
【1】Why does Twitter plan to change its character limit for each post?
A．Twitter users always have a lot to say.
B．Users are not satisfied with the current character limit.
C．More characters are needed when writing in English than in Chinese.
D．Twitter saw that the benefit after Microblog changed the character limit.
【2】What does “this” refer to in the 4th paragraph?
A．People want to know what is happening around the world.
B．People prefer to look through short posts rather than read long articles.
C．People are used to reading short posts in order to get the latest news.
D．People’s new reading habits make it hard to read long posts.
【3】What is the advantage of Microblog according to Dom Knight?
A．People can get information which they cannot get from traditional media.
B．It can quickly gather various pieces of information for people.
C．It can make people feel as if they are there and experiencing an event themselves.
D．The posts can be easily understood because the characters in each post are limited.
【4】Why does the author write about the two Twitter posts?
A．To show that the US presidential election attracted more attention than Brexit.
B．To explain how British people and Americans show their sense of humor.
C．To prove that Twitter is a platform where you can express your own opinions freely.
D．To offer evidence that limited characters can inspire smart posts.
【5】What is the author’s attitude toward the character limit on social media?
A．It should be lifted because it makes it difficult for people to express thoughts.
B．It should be abandoned because it doesn’t fit people’s current reading habits.
C．It should be kept as Shakespeare argued that using fewer words is better.
D．It is meaningful because short texts fit people’s reading habits and help create the best humor.
22、 From linguists’ point of view, grammar is a set of patterns for how words are put together to form phrases or clauses, whether in spoken or written. Different languages have different patterns. Some scholars have tried to identify patterns common to all languages. But apart from some basic features, few of these so-called linguistic universals have been found.
The study of these patterns open up “an ongoing debate” between two positions, known as prescriptivism and descriptivism. Prescriptivism thinks a given language should follow consistent rules, while descriptivism sees variation and adaptation as a natural and necessary part of language. From much of history, the vast majority of language was spoken. But as people became more interconnected, writing gained importance. Written language was standardized to allow broader communication and ensure that people in different parts around could understand each other.
Language purists worked to establish and promote this standard by detailing a set of rules that reflected the established grammar of their times. And rules for written grammar were applied to spoken language as well. Speech patterns that deviated from the written rules were considered signs of low social status. And many people who are grown-ups speaking in these ways were forced to adopt the standardized form.
More recently, however, linguists have understood that speech is a separate phenomenon from writing with its own regularities and patterns. Most of us learn to speak at such an early age that we don’t even remember it. We form our spoken skills through unconscious habits, not memorized rules. And because speech also uses mood and intonation for meaning, its structure is often more flexible, adapting to the needs of speakers and listeners. This could mean avoiding complex clauses that are hard to understand in real time, making changes to avoid awkward pronunciation or removing sounds to make speech faster. This linguistic approach that tries to understand and map such differences without dictating correct ones is known as descriptivism. Rather than deciding how language should be used, it describes how people actually use it and tracks the innovation they come up with in the process.
But while the debate between prescriptivism and descriptivism continues, the two are not mutually exclusive. At its best, prescriptivism is useful for informing people about the most common established patterns at a given point in time. Ultimately, grammar is best considered as a set of linguistic habits that are constantly being negotiated and reinvented by the entire group of language users. Like language itself, it’s a wonderful and complex fabric woven through the contributions of speakers and listeners, writers and readers, prescriptivists and descriptivists from both near and far.
【1】The underlined word “deviated” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A.copied B.updated
C.differed D.originated
【2】According to the passage, prescriptivism ______.
A.focuses on established language patterns
B.accepts the differences between languages
C.follows the innovations in language patterns
D.attaches more importance to written language
【3】What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.A new understanding of language. B.The beliefs held by prescriptivists.
C.The impact of grammar on language. D.The ongoing debate between linguists.
【4】Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.The importance of Grammar B.The History of Grammar
C.Grammar: Rules or Habits D.Grammar: Writing Rules
23、There are many ways to define fame. But one of them, surely, is to see your name in lights above bustling New York streets. A Chinese writer saw just an illumination in July when his name appeared on the big screen in Times Square. For Liu Zhenyun, it was a spectacular and fully-deserved promotion of his latest book, Laughter and Tears: A Novel.
Liu, one of the best-selling authors of novels in contemporary China, has penned a number of popular works, including Someone to Talk To, Remembering 1942 , and I Did Not Kill My Husband.
His works have been translated into more than 28 languages, and Someone to Talk To was awarded lhe 2011 Mao Dun Literature Prize.
Laughter and Tears： A Novel can be worthily called another ‘high peak’after Someone to Talk To, Zhang Xudong, a professor of comparative literature and East Asian studies at New York University, says. The novel is based on the folklore of a legendary figure Hua Emiang, and describes the paintings of the narrator’s uncle, telling of the humor and life of people in Yanjin, Henan province, Liu’s hometown.
In the book, everyone from Yanjin is humorous and can tell excellent jokes. Hua Emiang, the spirit of a widow waiting eternally for her husband, as in Yanjin folklore, will come into people’s dreams. In this state she will ask them to tell her a joke. If she thinks the joke is boring, she will instruct them to carry her to a place where she can drink spicy soup. But they die in the effort as she crushes them following her transformation into a mountain. However, if she likes the joke, she will give them a persimmon (柿子).As a result, people from Yanjin tell really good jokes.
Corriere della Sera, an Italian newspaper, called Liu “the Kalka of Beijing”. In 2018, Liu was awarded France’s Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters.
An author at Kirkus Reviews, a book review site in the United States, writes, “Liu has written a masterful tale that will make you laugh even as you despair”. Liu’s tragedies often have a feature of comedy and his comedies are also like tragedies. He tells many jokes and ridiculous stories in his books, and you will laugh when you read them. However, the truth behind the jokes could be cruel and sorrowful.
【1】Why did Liu Zhenyun’s name appear on the big screen in Times Square?
A．Because he enjoys great reputation.
B．Because his new book has been sold out.
C．Because he is eager to establish his fame.
D．Because he wants to promote his best book.
【2】What would Zhang Xudong probably agree with?
A．Liu Zhenyun is a legendary figure.
B．No book beats Someone to Talk To.
C．Liu's novels belong to comparative literature.
D．Laughter and Tears: A Novel is worth reading.
【3】In Liu's latest book, Hua Emiang gave the joke-tellers a persimmon as a(n) ________ .
A．punishment
B．assignment
C．award
D．warning
【4】What could be the best tide for the passage?
A．Liu Zhcnyun, a Master of Tragedy
B．Zhang Xudong, the Kafka of Beijing
C．A Writer with Tale to Tell Pens a New Book
D．A Book Was Awarded Mao Dun Literature Prize
24、To a chef, the sounds of lip smacking, slurping and swallowing are the highest form of flattery (恭维). But to someone with a certain type of misophonia (恐音症), these same sounds can be torturous. Brain scans are now helping scientists start to understand why.
People with misophonia experience strong discomfort, annoyance or disgust when they hear particular triggers. These can include chewing, swallowing, slurping, throat clearing, coughing and even audible breathing. Researchers previously thought this reaction might be caused by the brain overactively processing certain sounds. Now, however, a new study published in Journal of Neuroscience has linked some forms of misophonia to heightened “mirroring” behavior in the brain: those affected feel distress while their brains act as if they were imitating the triggering mouth movements.
“This is the first breakthrough in misophonia research in 25 years,” says psychologist Jennifer J. Brout, who directs the International Misophonia Research Network and was not involved in the new study.
The research team, led by Neweastle University neuroscientist Sukhbinder Kumar, analyzed brain activity in people with and without misophonia when they were at rest and while they listened to sounds. These included misophonia triggers (such as chewing), generally unpleasant sounds (like a crying baby）, and neutral sounds. The brain’s auditory (听觉的) cortex, which processes sound, reacted similarly in subjects with and without misophonia. But in both the resting state and listening trials, people with misophonia showed stronger connections between the auditory cortex and brain regions that control movements of the face, mouth and throat, while the controlled group didn’t. Kumar found this connection became most active in participants with misophonia when they heard triggers specific to the condition.
“Just by listening to the sound, they activate the motor cortex more strongly. So in a way it was as if they were doing the action themselves,” Kumar says. Some mirroring is typical in most humans when witnessing others’ actions; the researchers do not yet know why an excessive(过分的) mirroring response might cause such a negative reaction, and hope to address that in future research. “Possibilities include a sense of loss of control, invasion of personal space, or interference with current goals and actions,” the study authors write.
Fatima Husain, an Illinois University professor of speech and hearing science, who was not involved in the study, says potential misophonia therapies could build on the new findings by counseling patients about handling unconscious motor responses to triggering sounds—not just coping with the sounds themselves. If this works, she adds, one should expect to see reduced connected activity between the auditory and motor cortices.
【1】It can be learnt from the new study that ______.
A．misophonia sufferers can’t help imitating the triggers
B．people with misophonia are more likely to flatter chefs
C．the brains of people with misophonia overreact to sounds strongly
D．misophonia sufferers tend to have similar annoying activities in their brains
【2】Compared with people without misophonia, people with misophonia ______.
A．suffer less severely at the resting state
B．own markedly different brain structures
C．react more negatively at a mirroring response
D．lose control of their facial movements easily
【3】What might be the significance of the study?
A．Improving speech and hearing science.
B．Developing a treatment for misophonia.
C．Drawing people’s attention to misophonia.
D．Promoting human brain structure research.
25、 I’ve been obsessed (困扰) with languages for as long as I can remember. My dad could talk to everyone with ease, confidently ____between languages. His abilities made a big impression on me, but he didn’t ______ me to follow his lead.
I wasn’t a(n)______ language learner. I made slow progress with French at school and almost gave it up. But things felt different when I ______ German at university — loving many German writers in translation, I wanted to read them in their _____ tongue, and that’s been my main ______ for learning new ones since. Once I got German, I was ______; French, Latin, Greek and Sanskrit quickly followed. The idea of having a ______ overview of the world has always fascinated me, and ______ languages seemed a good way of achieving that. By my 20s, I’d set my heart on _____ the rest of my life to learning as many as I could.
I’m often asked what the ______ is, and whether some people have a gift for absorbing words and phrases. The truth is that it’s down to endless hours of ______ — reading, studying and practicing grammar.______, all these wonderful languages start to swim into focus, and increasing numbers of great works become _____.
It’s hard, but the _____ can be thrilling. When I started studying Spanish, there was a moment when the living language suddenly ______ itself to me. Something _____ happened when I heard Swedish spoken around me. It seemed to _____ elements of languages I was familiar with. The more of them I know, the more I see how inter-related they are. All it took was three weeks and I was able to _____ effectively in complex conversations.
Now, I can read about three dozen languages and speak most of them fluently. I think I’m much richer for that — it makes me more _____.
【1】A.distinguishing B.switching C.comparing D.dividing
【2】A.threaten B.encourage C.promise D.trust
【3】A.sensitive B.average C.individual D.natural
【4】A.took on B.put down C.made up D.went over
【5】A.simple B.sharp C.native D.polite
【6】A.advantage B.appreciation C.foundation D.motivation
【7】A.shocked B.relieved C.depressed D.hooked
【8】A.comprehensive B.historical C.scientific D.skeptical
【9】A.speaking B.selecting C.imitating D.acquiring
【10】A.adjusting B.devoting C.reducing D.attaching
【11】A.secret B.purpose C.benefit D.puzzle
【12】A.expectation B.admiration C.concentration D.evaluation
【13】A.Gradually B.Suddenly C.Regularly D.Usually
【14】A.affordable B.accessible C.invisible D.assessable
【15】A.circle B.beginning C.options D.rewards
【16】A.revealed B.explained C.limited D.recommended
【17】A.reasonable B.significant C.similar D.funny
【18】A.substitute B.combine C.promote D.transform
【19】A.compromise B.compete C.communicate D.compensate
【20】A.arbitrary B.objective C.considerate D.confident
26、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When we are having quarrels with others, it is easy to say or do hurtful things in anger. The verbal wound can be as bad as a physical one. And no matter how many times you say you are sorry, or how many years pass, the scar of those wounds will still be there. If we are wise, we will spend our time building bridges rather than barriers in our relationships.
Once upon a time there was a little boy who was talented, creative, handsome, and extremely bright. A natural leader. The kind of person everyone would normally have wanted on their team or project. But he was also self-centered and had a very bad temper. When he got angry, he usually said, and often did, some very hurtful things. In fact, he seemed to have little regard for those around him, even friends. So, naturally, he had few. “But, “he told himself, “that just shows how stupid most people are! “
One day at school, when having a craft class, his partner accidentally crushed a small part of their handiwork. The boy immediately got extremely angry, starting to criticize and tease her. “You disgust me! “After hearing those hurtful words, she started to cry uncontrollably. Before long, the girl began shutting herself away from everyone and was seized by a sense of worthlessness. Fortunately, under the guidance of teachers, she broke away from the trap of worthlessness. But she never talked with the boy.
Having known what happened at school, the boy’s parents became concerned about this personality flaw, and thought long and hard about what they should do. Finally, the father had an idea. And he struck a bargain with his son. He gave him a bag of nails, and a big hammer. “Whenever you lose your temper, “he told the boy, “I want you to really let it out. Just take a nail and drive it into the oak boards of that old fence out back. Hit that nail as hard as you can!
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The boy started to hit the nail, but it wasn’t as easy as it first sounded.
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To show him what remained in the fence, his father told him to pull out one nail each time he controlled his temper.
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