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1、We can’t figure out ______ quite a number of insects and birds are dying out．
A. that B. as C. why D. when
2、Unemployment in USA is likely to remain high in 201l, and ________for the next few years.
A．possibly
B．necessarily
C．gradually
D．normally
3、The paper ox my grandmother _________ for me is my most valued birthday gift.
A. cut B. will cut C. had cut D. cuts
4、You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _____ find the book by the title.
A.must B.need C.can D.would
5、Jane was so ______ for the news of her lost child that she was almost driven ______.
A. proper; madly B. thirsty; mad
C. sad; madly D. curious; mad
6、I wish to ______ the meeting as quickly as possible, for I have other things to do.
A．wind up
B．turn up
C．burn up
D．look up
7、We have celebrated this festival for many years and it ________ Tang Dynasty.
A. is dated back to B. is dating back to
C. dates back to D. dated back to
8、Our car _____ engine trouble, we stopped for the night at a roadside rest area.
A. developed B. being developed
C. having developed D. to develop
9、Broke Girls，_______popular TV series，has aroused craze and sympathy among young．
A．/，the B．a，the
C．/，the D．the，the
10、It puzzles the scientists _____ some mammals produce their young _____ others lay eggs．
A．that; while B．what; while
C．that; as D．what; as
11、It is not so much the language ________ the cultural background ______ makes the film difficult to understand.
A. that; as B. what; as
C. as; what D. as; that
12、Your teacher seems to be annoyed. Go to his office now is to ________.
A.in trouble B.make trouble C.ask for trouble D.take the trouble
13、After several rounds of competition, the little girl _________ because of her excellent spoken English and quick response.
A. put out B. picked out
C. broke out D. stood out
14、Linda couldn’t have broken into the teacher’s office at midnight, for it was only nine o’clock ______she returned to the dormitory and had a sound sleep.
A. before B. when
C. that D. until
15、During the interview, they will be asked to shape（设计）a __________ and general procedure that can be programed in a computer quickly.
A. straightforward B. subjective
C. surplus D. steady
16、The driver suggested that we set out before seven in the morning in order to avoid traffic jams.
A.should B.might C.could D.would
17、—We have enough time? What about taking a bus?
—OK, ________ the buses are not crowded.
A．as though
B．as long as
C．in order that
D．in case
18、Alice hopes to have a pet cat, but her mother doesn’t want to buy ________ for her.
A．one
B．this
C．it
D．that
19、As an American living in-Tianjin for about 10 years, Chris says that it has been a ________ be a witness to China’s great progress.
A. privilege B. preference C. priority D. principle
20、The number of children losing both parents to Aids ______ also expected to rise.
A. was B. is C. are D. were
21、The psychology of innovation
Why are so few companies truly innovation?
Innovation is key to business survival, and companies put substantial resources into inspiring employees to develop new ideas. There are, nevertheless, people working in luxurious, state-of-the-art centres designed to stimulate innovation who find that their environment doesn’t make them feel at all creative. And there are those who don’t have a budget, or much space, but who innovate successfully.
For Robert B. Cialdini, Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University, one reason that companies don’t succeed as often as they should is that innovation starts with recruitment. Research shows that the fit between an employee’s values and a company’s values makes a difference to what contribution they make and whether, two years after they join, they’re still at the company.
One of the most famous photographs in the story of rock’ n’ roll emphasizes Ciaidini’s views. The 1956 picture of singers Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis jamming at a piano in Sun Studios in Memphis tells a hidden story. Sun’s ‘million-dollar quartet’ could have been a quintet. Missing from the picture is Roy Orbison, a greater natural singer than Lewis, Perkins or Cash. Sam Phillips, who owned Sun, wanted to revolutionize popular music with songs that fused black and white music, and country and blues. Presley, Cash, Perkins and Lewis instinctively understood Phillips’s ambition and believed in it. Orbison wasn’t inspired by the goal, and only ever achieved one hit with the Sun label.
Managing innovation is a delicate art. It’s easy for a company to be pulled in conflicting directions as the marketing, product development, and finance departments each get different feedback from different sets of people. And without a system which ensures collaborative exchanges within the company, it’s also easy for small ‘pockets of innovation’ to disappear. Innovation is a contact sport. You can’t brief people just by saying, ‘We’re going in this direction and I’m going to take you with me.’
Cialdini believes that this ‘follow-the-leader syndrome is dangerous, not least because it encourages bosses to go it alone. ‘It’s been scientifically proven that three people will be better than one at solving problems, even if that one person is the smartest person in the field.’ To prove his point, Cialdini cites an interview with molecular biologist James Watson. Watson, together with Francis Crick, discovered the structure of DNA, the genetic information carrier of all living organisms. ‘When asked how they had cracked the code ahead of an array of highly accomplished rival investigators, he said something that stunned me. He said he and Crick had succeeded because they were aware that they weren’t the most intelligent of the scientists pursuing the answer. The smartest scientist was called Rosalind Franklin who, Watson said, “was so intelligent she rarely sought advice”.’
Writing, visualizing and prototyping can stimulate the flow of new ideas. Cialdini cites scores of research papers and historical events that prove that even something as simple as writing deepens every individual’s engagement in the project. It is, he says, the reason why all those competitions on breakfast cereal packets encouraged us to write in saying, in no more than 10 words: ‘I like Kellogg’s Com Flakes because… .’ The very act of writing makes us more likely to believe it.
Authority doesn’t have to inhibit innovation but it often does. Many theorists believe the ideal boss should lead from behind, taking pride in collective accomplishment and giving credit where it is due. Cialdini says: ‘Leaders should encourage everyone to contribute and simultaneously assure all concerned that every recommendation is important to making the right decision and will be given full attention.’ The frustrating thing about innovation is that there are many approaches, but no magic formula. However, a manager who wants to create a truly innovative culture can make their job a lot easier by recognizing these psychological realities.
【1】The example of the ‘million-dollar quartet’ underlines the writer’s point about____.
A.recognizing talent.
B.working as a team.
C.having a shared objective.
D.being an effective leader.
【2】James Watson suggests that he and Francis Crick won the race to discover the DNA code because they ____.
A.were conscious of their own limitations.
B.brought complementary skills to their partnership.
C.were determined to outperform their brighter rivals.
D.encouraged each other to realize their joint ambition.
【3】The writer mentions competitions on breakfast cereal packets as an example of how to____.
A.inspire creative thinking.
B.generate concise writing.
C.promote loyalty to a group.
D.strengthen commitment to an idea.
【4】In the last paragraph, the writer suggests that it is important for employees to____.
A.be aware of their company’s goals.
B.feel that their contributions are valued.
C.have respect for their co-workers’ achievements.
D.understand why certain management decisions are made.
22、 Growing up in a city has a lifelong negative impact on a person's ability to navigate, according to a vast global survey.
In a new study, scientists led by Antonine Coutrot at Nantes University in France and Hugo Spiers at University College London describe how they used a dataset（数据集）gathered from 4 millions players of a computer game called "Sea Hero Quest", which tests way-finding skills by asking players to memorise a map showing the location of checkpoints and then measuring how well players can steer a boat to find them.
Dr. Spiers found that the strongest indicator of a high score was a player's age——older people performed relatively poorly. But the benefit of rural living was strong enough to offset（抵消）some of that, Data from American players showed that a 70-year-old who grew up in the countryside had the navigational abilities of an average 60-year-old across the dataset.
"The gap between the navigation skills of rural and city people was largest in America, and the researchers think they know why. They found that countries dominated by simple layouts of grid-based（网格式的）cities dragged down navigation skills more than growing up in a city based around more complicated networks of streets, such as Prague.
Dr. Spiers says that the brain's navigational abilities probably weaken in the city environment because they are not being used as much. Although cities may appear more complicated, they also feature more clues to help residents find their way, such as numbered streets. As many city-dwellers on a visit to the countryside can prove, one field tends to look much the same as another, so there are fewer external（外部的）landmarks to help guide the way.
While people who live in cities should not be alarmed, the study does raise some interesting ideas for urban planners: keep their city designs not so simple perhaps. And for everyone else, it might be an idea to turn off Google Maps.
【1】Why did the researchers use the dataset from a computer game?
A.To study the players' memory.
B.To measure how well people control boats.
C.To improve the players' skill to find way out.
D.To see what influences people's way-finding skills.
【2】What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Strong indicator. B.Poor performance.
C.Old age. D.High score.
【3】What weakens the brain's navigational abilities according to Dr. Spiers?
A.Lack of practice. B.Few external landmarks.
C.Living in the countryside. D.Complicated city environment.
【4】What is the best title of the passage?
A.Ways to Improve Navigational Skills
B.Reasons to Design Complicated Cities
C.Urban Living Weakens Navigational Skills
D.Turn off Google Maps while Exploring City
23、You’ll probably never go to Mars or sing on the stage with the Rolling Stones. But if virtual reality (VR) ever lives up to its promise, you might be able to do all these things — and many more — without even leaving your home. Unlike real reality, virtual reality means simulating (模仿) bits of our world. Apart from games and entertainment, it’s long been used for training airline pilots and surgeons and for helping scientists to figure out complex problems such as the structure of protein molecules (分子). Then how does it work?
Close your eyes and think of virtual reality and you probably picture something like this: a man wearing a wrap-around headset and data gloves wired into a powerful workstation or supercomputer. What distinguishes VR from an ordinary computer experience is the nature of the input and output. Where an ordinary computer uses things like a keyboard, mouse, or speech recognition for input, VR uses sensors that detect how your body is moving. And where a PC displays output on a screen, VR uses two screens (one for each eye), surround-sound speakers, and maybe some forms of touch and body feedback as well.
VR has been routinely used by scientists, doctors, dentists, engineers, architects, archaeologists, and the military for about the last 30 years. Difficult and dangerous jobs are hard to train for. How can you safely practice taking a trip to space, making a parachute jump, or carrying out brain surgery? All these things are obvious candidates for virtual reality applications.
Like any technology, virtual reality has both good and bad points. Critics always raise the risk that people may be addicted to alternative realities to the point of ignoring their real-world lives — but that criticism has been leveled at everything from radio and TV to computer games and the Internet. Like many technologies, VR takes little or nothing away from the real world: you don’t have to use it if you don’t want to.
【1】What equipment do we probably need for virtual reality?
A. A keyboard, a headset and a supercomputer.
B. A headset, data gloves and a speech recognition.
C. A headset, data gloves and a supercomputer.
D. A keyboard, a mouse and a speech recognition.
【2】Paragraph 3 is mainly about .
A. the principles of virtual reality
B. the applications of virtual reality
C. the history of virtual reality
D. the influences of virtual reality
【3】According to the passage, virtual reality means .
A. imagining beautiful things in our mind
B. creating something that doesn’t exist
C. experiencing things that don’t really exist
D. cloning something that has died out
【4】What is the writer’s attitude towards VR?
A. Appreciative. B. Cautious.
C. Skeptical. D. Indifferent.
24、Average age is rising around the world—a demographic (人口统计) change that may pose a significant challenge to efforts to slow down climate change.
Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests.
They combined two decades, worth of data from thousands of US households and used this to build a model to reveal how energy use varied across 17 age groups between 1987 and 2009. They found that, on average, children’s energy consumption climbs as they grow up, before dipping slightly when they leave home. Consumption then rises again when people hit their 30s, before briefly dropping after 55, and then beginning to climb again. The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and size of a person’s home. The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan (寿命) seems to be the result of life style and how our needs change as we age.
Why does demand grow so much in our 30s?“We need more of everything. More space, a bigger TV two fridges,” says Estiri. The study found that, in warmer parts of the US, energy use increases in people over the age of 65—probably as a result of increased use of air conditioning, This suggests that there is a feedback effect between climate change and an ageing population that will only make matters worse.
Heat waves have become more common in the US in recent years and are expected to become more frequent due to global warming. More older people using more electrical energy to keep cool as temperatures rise could add to emissions, and thus drive more warming until our energy supply becomes entirely fossil fuel-free.
“This confluence of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thin king about,” says Estiri. Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex, UK, says the work shows the importance of demographics when it comes to cutting carbon emissions. Most modelling of climate change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型) assumes people’s energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time.
“This study directly challenges that entire body of research by forcing it to fight with the temporality and complexity of the consumption of energy,” says Sovacool.
Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important influence on policy makers. “What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy,” she says.
【1】By saying “not just because we tend to get wealthier” in Paragraph 2, the writer probably means that .
A．poor people can’t bring down the high demand for energy
B．a comfortable life is not the main cause of in creased energy use
C．there are some other reasons leading to the increase in energy consumption
D．people being wealthy or not has nothing to do with the rise of energy consumption
【2】The underlined word “confluence” in Paragraph 6 has the similar meaning to .
A．change
B．meeting
C．decrease
D．possibility
【3】What is the shortcoming of most modeling of climate change mitigation?
A．It is expensive and difficult to promote.
B．It overestimates the household energy consumption.
C．It did not take climate change adaptation into account.
D．It regards energy consumption as stable or as only slightly changing.
【4】What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．More emphasis should be put on people’s energy use.
B．The government can't do much without the support of the study.
C．It is the buildings, not the people in side, that consume the majority of the energy.
D．Policymakers have been working on how to cut down people’s energy use.
25、The depression(经济大萧条) was coming to an end and Mum had a（n）_________ time raising us kids on her own. Christmas was _________,and we received some money for Christmas.Mum said that _________ buying food,she would use the money to pay back rent. Unknown to Mum,I had been doing tough and odd jobs（零工）to earn enough money to buy myself new_________.
The big day came on the afternoon of Christmas Eve.I was very _________, as I hurried up the road to catch the bus. But on the way, I _________ a house with Christmas lights and decorations. It was then that I realized that at our house, we had _________ for Christmas. I felt sad and I was feeling a strange_________ of guilt. Here I was going to buy a new pair of boots _________ Mum would be trying to explain to us why there were no presents.
I went into a grocery store and bought a turkey, ham, oranges and all the Christmas _________. I _________ every penny of my_________ money. I asked two boys to _________ them to our house. I _________ for the delivery boys to quietly _________ the groceries on the porch and pile them _________ the door. Once they had done this,I knocked on the door. I could hardly _________ to see my mother's face! When Mum opened the door, some of the groceries _________ inside onto the floor, and she just stood there dumbfounded. _________ the tears, I yelled,"Merry Christmas Mother!! There really is a Santa Claus!"
I had a lot of _________ as we unpacked all the food. That day I got enough hugs and kisses from Mum. It was a Merry Christmas for us after all!
【1】A. good B. hard C. pleasant D. easy
【2】A. passing B. approaching C. going D. appearing
【3】A. regardless of B. instead of C. in case of D. in need of
【4】A. boots B. decorations C. turkeys D. books
【5】A. disappointed B. excited C. moved D. touched
【6】A. watched B. recognized C. observed D. noticed
【7】A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
【8】A. mood B. emotion C. state D. sense
【9】A. though B. when C. as D. but
【10】A. goods B. things C. lights D. treats
【11】A. spent B. cost C. paid D. took
【12】A. easily-earned B. home-made C. hard-earned D. carefully-planned
【13】A. put B. lay C. bring D. run
【14】A. begged B. demanded C. prayed D. whispered
【15】A. upload B. load C. unload D. download
【16】A. on B. in C. against D. beyond
【17】A. wait B. bear C. help D. stand
【18】A. climbed B. went C. fell D. spread
【19】A. Holding on B. Holding up C. Holding back D. Holding down
【20】A. quarrelling B. understanding C. explaining D. reasoning
26、假定你是李华。上周五下午4点，你校学生会（Student Union）举办了一次环保活动。请你给校园英文报写一篇报道。内容包括：
1.活动内容：35名学生到南湖公园拾垃圾；
2.活动目的：提高公众的环保意识；
3.效果和感想(自拟)。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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